内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | α-Benzyl-α-carboxy-β,β-dimethyl-γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolacton | 42203-17-8 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | (3aS,8R,9aR,12S,13S,13aR,13bS)-12,13-dihydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-6,9a,14,14-tetramethyl-2,5,9-trioxo-5,8,9,9a,10,11,12,13,13a,13b-decahydro-4H-3a,7-methanobenzo[3,4]cyclodeca[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-8-yl acetate | 214192-67-3 | C23H30O10 |
| —— | (4R,5S,1'R)-5-<2'-<(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-1'-hydroxyethyl>-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-oxacyclopentane | 172293-71-9 | C22H28O5Si |
| —— | (1'RS,2'E,3SR)-3-<1'-(methylsulfonyl)oct-2'-enyl>butan-4-olide | 119011-10-8 | C13H22O4S |
| —— | 84736-12-9 | C16H28O6Si | |
| —— | (1S,6R,7R,8S)-7-Bromo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.1<sup>3,8</sup>]undecan-5-one | 85114-86-9 | C10H13BrO2 |
| —— | (1'R,3'aR,8'aS,9'S,9'aS)-1'-methyl-3'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-1,3a,5,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][2]benzofuran]-9'-carboxylic acid | 900180-04-3 | C16H20O6 |
| —— | (R)-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methanol (1S)-camphanic ester | 1203584-44-4 | C16H24O5 |
| —— | ethyl 3-bromo-5-isopropoxymethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 878284-22-1 | C11H17BrO5 |
| —— | 4-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 1397692-64-6 | C13H18O2Si |
| —— | (5S,6S)-6-Methyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one | 56028-91-2 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-5-((R)-1,2-Dimethoxy-ethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 57098-92-7 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | 5-O-acetyl-2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentonic acid γ-lactone hydrochloride | 97551-65-0 | C7H11NO4*ClH |
| —— | cis-2-Hydroxymethylbicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-carbonsaeure-lacton | 544437-79-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 2-oxa-3-oxo-6-syn-(3ξ-hydroxy-3(ξ),4(R)-dimethyl-octyl)-7-anti-hydroxy-cis-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane | 54359-32-9 | C17H30O4 |
| —— | trans methyl-3 tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-1 | 91704-53-9 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | 4-allyl-1-methyl-3,5-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 58648-54-7 | C13H16O5 |
| —— | 3,6,14-Trimethyl-2-oxo-hexadecahydro-1-oxa-cyclopentacyclotetradecene-10-carboxylic acid | 3293-40-1 | C20H34O4 |
| —— | 57293-33-1 | C12H16O2 | |
| —— | 15-Oxa-dispiro[5.0.6.2]pentadec-10-en-14-one | 51175-31-6 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5R<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-n-propyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135974-00-4 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 3,3-Dichloro-1-oxa-spiro[3.9]tridecan-2-one | 133611-55-9 | C12H18Cl2O2 |
| —— | (Z)-3-butyryl-5-benzylidene-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1402591-85-8 | C17H20O3 |
| —— | 1056016-47-7 | C10H18O4 | |
| —— | 2-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-valero-γ-lactone | 75568-81-9 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-4-triethylsiloxy-L-lyxo-hexono-1,5-lactone | 1186076-50-5 | C13H26O4Si |
| —— | (2S,3R)-(-)-5-oxo-2-undecyltetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde | 503605-26-3 | C16H28O3 |
| —— | clionamine D hydrochloride | 1584155-50-9 | C24H35NO4*ClH |
| —— | 63063-83-2 | C18H22O4 | |
| —— | protolichesterinic acid methyl ester | 144071-11-4 | C20H34O4 |
| —— | 3-Acetoxy-5,5-dibromtetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-on | 72250-04-5 | C7H8Br2O4 |
| —— | 4-tert.-Butoxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-en-3-on | 58790-26-4 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-3-oxy-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexanon-(2) | 33476-98-1 | C6H8O2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4,5-Dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-3-[1-trimethylsilanyloxy-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 170964-93-9 | C17H30O3Si |
| —— | (5R,6R)-5,6-Dimethyl-4-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 206762-61-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-5,5-dideutero-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-6-undecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1535171-18-6 | C24H40O2Si |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-4-iodo-3,5-dimethyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 950489-18-6 | C12H13IO2 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-5,8,8-Trimethyl-4-phenyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 53684-41-6 | C16H20O2 |
| —— | 3,8-divinyl-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione | 1334534-57-4 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-(-)-5-oxo-2-undecyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 503605-27-4 | C16H28O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (2R,3S)-2-allyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 140694-52-6 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-5-Methyl-6-((S)-1-methyl-allyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 148409-47-6 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 2,4-Diphenyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-8-one | 72510-99-7 | C18H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-cis-2-(2-Propenyl)-γ-octanoic Lactone | 135074-23-6 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | S,S-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) (R)-2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propanebis(thioate) | 1073375-53-7 | C23H40O4S2 |
| —— | β,β-Dimethyl-α-(triethylsilyloxy)-γ-butyrolacton | 56150-62-0 | C12H24O3Si |
| —— | 3-(hydroxy(3-iodophenyl)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1172591-42-2 | C12H13IO3 |
| —— | 2-Oxepanone, 7-(2-propenyl)-, (7S)- | 655233-56-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 5-(phenylseleno)-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 75826-44-7 | C11H12O2Se |
| —— | 3β-carbethoxy-2aβ,3β,4β,6,7,8,8aα,8bα-octahydro-7,7-dimethyl-4-(trimethylsilyl)-2H-naphtho<1,8-bc>furan-2-one | 84143-12-4 | C19H30O4Si |
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