摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 13134-06-0 C8H13NO3
    4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— (3aS,6aS)-3a-Methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 39778-83-1 C8H12O2
    (3aS,6aS)-3a-Methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid 80226-06-8 C10H16O4
    (+/-)-Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid
    —— (4S,2'S,4'R)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 906662-78-0 C15H25NO5
    (4S,2'S,4'R)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-pentanolide 97690-86-3 C6H10O3
    (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-pentanolide
    —— 5Z-octenolide —— C8H12O2
    5Z-octenolide
    —— (4R,5S,3Z)-5-Prop-2-enyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-[(R)-3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4-methyl-pent-4-en-1-ylidene]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1552276-01-3 C23H40O5Si
    (4R,5S,3Z)-5-Prop-2-enyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-[(R)-3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4-methyl-pent-4-en-1-ylidene]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— γ,δ-Cycloheptano-δ-valerolacton 771-96-0 C10H16O2
    γ,δ-Cycloheptano-δ-valerolacton
    —— methyl 1,6,8-trimethyl-4,10-dioxo-5-oxatricyclo<4,3,1,0<sup>3,7</sup>>dec-8-ene-5,6-dicarboxylate 73195-07-0 C14H16O5
    methyl 1,6,8-trimethyl-4,10-dioxo-5-oxatricyclo<4,3,1,0<sup>3,7</sup>>dec-8-ene-5,6-dicarboxylate
    —— 5-(2-Bromoethyl)-5-pentanolide 152668-02-5 C7H11BrO2
    5-(2-Bromoethyl)-5-pentanolide
    —— tert-butyl (5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecan-1-yl)carbamate 1414379-62-6 C15H23NO4
    tert-butyl (5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecan-1-yl)carbamate
    —— N-(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecan-1-yl)acetamide 502421-65-0 C12H17NO3
    N-(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecan-1-yl)acetamide
    —— [5,5,6,6,6-(2)H5]mevalonolactone 1313206-79-9 C6H10O3
    [5,5,6,6,6-(2)H5]mevalonolactone
    —— 3RS-<5-D(1)>mevalonolacton 10012-92-7 C6H10O3
    3RS-<5-D(1)>mevalonolacton
    —— 2-methyl-5-oxo-N,N-dipropyloxolane-2-carboxamide 6946-47-0 C12H21NO3
    2-methyl-5-oxo-N,N-dipropyloxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (R)-3-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-propionaldehyde 153402-91-6 C19H36O5Si
    (R)-3-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-propionaldehyde
    —— 5-Ethylfuran-2,4(3h,5h)-dione 36717-59-6 C6H8O3
    5-Ethylfuran-2,4(3h,5h)-dione
    —— 5-phenyloxepan-2-one 252888-52-1 C12H14O2
    5-phenyloxepan-2-one
    —— 5-phenyloxepan-2-one 252888-53-2 C12H14O2
    5-phenyloxepan-2-one
    —— 8-butyloxocan-2-one 1421750-60-8 C11H20O2
    8-butyloxocan-2-one
    —— (S)-7-methylheptalactone 126372-23-4 C8H14O2
    (S)-7-methylheptalactone
    —— 5,5-(Ethylendioxy)-2,2-dimethylcyclohexan-1,3-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid 92694-97-8 C12H16O5
    5,5-(Ethylendioxy)-2,2-dimethylcyclohexan-1,3-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid
    —— Octahydro-2h-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6(2ah)-dione 19592-87-1 C11H14O3
    Octahydro-2h-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6(2ah)-dione
    —— 3-Acetyl-5-isopropyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 127236-67-3 C12H20O3
    3-Acetyl-5-isopropyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-Isopropyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 137008-52-7 C10H18O2
    5-Isopropyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-Methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-3-tetradec-(E)-ylidene-dihydro-furan-2-one 303008-39-1 C21H38O4
    (4S,5S)-4-Methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-3-tetradec-(E)-ylidene-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3,3,6-Trimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 87442-63-5 C8H12O3
    3,3,6-Trimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— 3-acetyl-5,5-diisopropyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 127236-68-4 C12H20O3
    3-acetyl-5,5-diisopropyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— marliolide 111900-39-1 C19H34O3
    marliolide
    —— 2-acetyl-[3,3,4,4-2H4]butane-4-lactone 476646-93-2 C6H8O3
    2-acetyl-[3,3,4,4-2H4]butane-4-lactone
    —— 3-(2-Chloro-2-methylethyl)-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone 96546-91-7 C7H11ClO2
    3-(2-Chloro-2-methylethyl)-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    —— 2,2-Dichloro-3-(2-chloro-2-methylethyl)-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone 96546-90-6 C7H9Cl3O2
    2,2-Dichloro-3-(2-chloro-2-methylethyl)-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    —— 1-bromo-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one 1632155-60-2 C7H9BrO2
    1-bromo-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one
    —— 6-formyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one —— C6H6O3
    6-formyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one
    —— (2R,4S)-2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide 19473-19-9 C5H8O4
    (2R,4S)-2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide
    —— 5-trifluoromethyl-5-trimethylsilyloxy-γ-butyrolactone 370103-95-0 C8H13F3O3Si
    5-trifluoromethyl-5-trimethylsilyloxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-(1-methylethylidene)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 102939-66-2 C7H10O2
    4-(1-methylethylidene)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2-methyl-4,5-dehydro ε-lactone 1092695-33-4 C7H10O2
    2-methyl-4,5-dehydro ε-lactone
    —— (1S,4R,5S,8S)-2-benzyl-8-fluoromethyl-4-methyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-6-one 200569-57-9 C14H16FNO3
    (1S,4R,5S,8S)-2-benzyl-8-fluoromethyl-4-methyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-6-one
    —— (2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-acetaldehyde 1033272-70-6 C7H10O3
    (2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-acetaldehyde
    —— pseudoivalin 1461-34-3 C15H20O3
    pseudoivalin
    —— 4-phenyl-7a,8-dihydrothieno[2,3-f]isobenzofuran-5(7H)-one 3216-46-4 C16H12O2S
    4-phenyl-7a,8-dihydrothieno[2,3-f]isobenzofuran-5(7H)-one
    —— 4-Ethyl-3-methylene-1-oxetan-2-one 117203-17-5 C6H8O2
    4-Ethyl-3-methylene-1-oxetan-2-one
    —— 5-(2-Bromo-ethyl)-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one 79937-98-7 C7H9BrO2
    5-(2-Bromo-ethyl)-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-1-chloro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1311267-48-7 C7H9ClO3
    (1S,4S,5R)-1-chloro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (6R,7R)-7-chloro-6-hydroxymethyl-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one 1311267-52-3 C7H9ClO3
    (6R,7R)-7-chloro-6-hydroxymethyl-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-chloro-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1311267-88-5 C13H23ClO3Si
    (1S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-chloro-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (6R,7S)-7-chloro-6-hydroxymethyl-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one 1311267-53-4 C7H9ClO3
    (6R,7S)-7-chloro-6-hydroxymethyl-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[(E,2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyhept-5-enyl]-3-hexyloxetan-2-one 1026486-59-8 C22H42O3Si
    (3S,4S)-4-[(E,2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyhept-5-enyl]-3-hexyloxetan-2-one
    —— [(1S)-2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-1-[(2S,3S)-3-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1032880-02-6 C29H40O6Si
    [(1S)-2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-1-[(2S,3S)-3-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate