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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate —— C10H17NO2S2
    [(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate
    —— [(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate —— C10H17NO2S2
    [(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate
    —— [(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate —— C10H17NO2S2
    [(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate
    —— (4R)-4-(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H8N4O2
    (4R)-4-(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H8N4O2
    (4S)-4-(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C21H24N2O4
    (4R)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C21H24N2O4
    (4S)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(1R,2S,4R,5S,7S,10S,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethyl-5'-oxospiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadecane-15,2'-oxolane]-7-yl] hydrogen sulfate —— C24H34O6S
    [(1R,2S,4R,5S,7S,10S,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethyl-5'-oxospiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadecane-15,2'-oxolane]-7-yl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— [(1R,2S,4R,5S,7R,10S,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethyl-5'-oxospiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadecane-15,2'-oxolane]-7-yl] hydrogen sulfate —— C24H34O6S
    [(1R,2S,4R,5S,7R,10S,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethyl-5'-oxospiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadecane-15,2'-oxolane]-7-yl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— [(4R,8S,9R,11S)-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O6
    [(4R,8S,9R,11S)-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(4R,8S,9S,11S)-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O6
    [(4R,8S,9S,11S)-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(4R,8S,9S,11R)-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O6
    [(4R,8S,9S,11R)-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(4R,7R,8S,9R,11S)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C20H24O7
    [(4R,7R,8S,9R,11S)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(4R,7R,8S,9S,11S)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C20H24O7
    [(4R,7R,8S,9S,11S)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(4R,7R,8S,9R,11R)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C20H24O7
    [(4R,7R,8S,9R,11R)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(4R,7R,8S,9S,11R)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C20H24O7
    [(4R,7R,8S,9S,11R)-7-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-2-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2R)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H20N4O3S
    (2R)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C11H11F3N2O3S
    (2S)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H20N4O3S
    (2S)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H20ClN5O3
    (2S)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C22H24N4O4
    (2R)-N-[(2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H20ClN5O3
    (2R)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C14H18ClN3O5
    (2R)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C17H22ClN5O3
    (2S)-N-[(4-chloro-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (5S)-5-(azidomethyl)-3,3-difluorooxolan-2-one —— C5H5F2N3O2
    (5S)-5-(azidomethyl)-3,3-difluorooxolan-2-one
    —— (2R)-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C15H18N4O3S
    (2R)-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C20H19N3O4S
    (2S)-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C15H18N4O3S
    (2S)-N-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C11H17NO4
    (1S,4R)-N-methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N-methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C11H17NO4
    (1R,4S)-N-methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C23H26N2O4
    (2R)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C23H26N2O4
    (2S)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C23H26N2O4
    (2R)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C23H26N2O4
    (2S)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H23NO5
    (2R)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C19H27N3O3
    (2R)-N-[[(1R)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C19H27N3O3
    (2R)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-N-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C16H23NO5
    (2S)-N-[[(1S)-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C17H18N2O3S
    (2S)-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C13H18N2O3S
    (2R)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C13H18N2O3S
    (2S)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C18H19NO4
    (2R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    (3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H9FO2
    (1R,5S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    (3S,5S)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    (3S,5R)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    (3R,5R)-3-benzyl-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one —— C6H7F3O4
    (4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (4S,6S)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one —— C6H7F3O4
    (4S,6S)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one