内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | bis[(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] propane-1,3-disulfonate | 1266341-74-5 | C15H24O10S2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-(1-Chloro-ethyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 213968-20-8 | C10H17ClO5 |
| —— | rac-(3aR,4R,7S,7aR,8R)-8-phenyl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methano-3a,7a-(methanooxymethano)indene-1,10-dione | 121238-63-9 | C18H16O3 |
| —— | 7-bromo-2,3,7-trideoxy-D-arabino-heptono-1,4-lactone | 116386-15-3 | C7H11BrO4 |
| —— | picrodendrin B | 135462-99-6 | C20H24O10 |
| —— | Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79902-46-8 | C29H46O5Si |
| —— | 3,4,5,6,7-Pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one | 34839-78-6 | C7H12O7 |
| —— | 1092696-41-7 | C9H12O2 | |
| —— | N-[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide | 613659-52-2 | C18H22N2O4 |
| —— | 6-bromo-2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucono-1,4-lactone | 158603-76-0 | C6H8BrFO4 |
| —— | 3,3,8,8-Tetramethyl-1,5-dioxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-6-one | 74794-15-3 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 5,6-dimethyl-7-p-tolyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1186534-64-4 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 1α,8α:4α,5α-Diepoxy-4,5-dihydroosmitopsin | 99631-95-5 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 3-(3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1-benzylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione | 1262890-62-9 | C17H17NO5 |
| —— | (2S,4S,5S,6R)-7,7-Dimethoxy-2,4,6-trimethylheptan-5-olide | 132942-69-9 | C12H22O4 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (3S,3aS,7R,10S,11R,11aS)-7-hydroxy-3,10-dimethyl-6-methylene-2-oxo-dodecahydro-cyclodeca[b]furan-11-yl ester | 81680-12-8 | C16H26O6S |
| —— | 6-acetoxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 857808-89-0 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | xestospongienes D | 1263368-13-3 | C14H20Br2O3 |
| —— | N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-O-(methylsulfonyl)-20-secoebelin-20-amide lactone | 769949-86-2 | C29H40ClNO6S |
| —— | 3α-hydroxy-4β-chloro-5,7α,6β(H)-guaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-12,6-olide | 1228392-79-7 | C15H19ClO3 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4R)-2-Allyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide | 110794-74-6 | C19H25NO3 |
| —— | 5-[1-(2-Oxo-cyclopentyl)-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 6262-67-5 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 6-[(Z)-but-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 83448-85-5 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl-1,4-dioxepan-5-one | 1401441-51-7 | C7H11BrO3 |
| —— | (1R,5S,7R)-7-Hydroxymethyl-1,5,7-trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one | 79410-28-9 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | Spiro[2,5-methano-7H-oxireno[3,4]cyclopent[1,2-d]oxepin-7,2'-oxiran]-3(2H)-one,hexahydro-1b-hydroxy-6a-methyl-8-(1-methylethenyl)-,(1aS,1bR,2S,2'R,5S,6aR,7aR,8R)- | 2571-86-0 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6S)-4,6-dimethyl-5-[(4S)-4-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl]oxan-2-one | 140134-14-1 | C14H21NO3S2 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid 3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl ester | 114199-62-1 | C9H16O5S |
| —— | (5S,1'R)-5-(1'-bromo-2'-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 145761-25-7 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-4-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one | 135386-87-7 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (5S,1'S)-5-(2'-cyclohexyl-1'-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 137530-19-9 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 5-phenyl-3a,4-dihydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 1259056-88-6 | C14H12O2 |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>)-6<i>c</i>-hydroxy-7<i>t</i>-((Ξ)-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-butyl)-3<i>c</i>,6<i>t</i>-dimethyl-(3a<i>r</i>,8a<i>t</i>)-hexahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-2,8-dione | 101101-48-8 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | 8,8-Dimethyl-7a,8-dihydro-thieno[2',3':4,5]benzo[1,2-c]furan-5,7-dione | 97679-24-8 | C12H10O3S |
| —— | (5S)-5-formyl-5-tetradecanolide | 130251-60-4 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | 1613229-43-8 | C8H10INO3 | |
| —— | selenolactonic acid | 117109-88-3 | C15H16O4Se |
| —— | 4-dec-9-enylidene-3-non-8-enyl-oxetan-2-one | 41624-77-5 | C22H36O2 |
| —— | (3aS,5aS,9aS)-3a,5a-Dihydro-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one | 38898-28-1 | C11H10O2 |
| —— | (E)-1-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl prop-2-ynylcarbonate | 1446518-40-6 | C10H10O5 |
| —— | (R)-3-(6-Methyl-heptanoyl)-4-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 80656-73-1 | C16H30O4Si |
| —— | 3-chloromethyl-oxetan-2-one | 25255-50-9 | C4H5ClO2 |
| —— | <(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-(3-oxo-oct-(E)-enyl)-cyclopent-3-en-2-yl>-acetic acid, γ-lactone | 74106-56-2 | C16H22O3 |
| —— | Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(2-oxopentyl)-2(3H)-furanon | 73642-81-6 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 79902-32-2 | C30H50O5Si |
| —— | (3S*,4S*)-4-butyl-3-methoxymethoxy-γ-butyrolactone | 136850-64-1 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolane-2-carboxylic acid | 143770-72-3 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 41496-67-7 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (E)-(9S,10R)-9-Propionyl-10-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-3,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydro-oxecin-2-one | 114633-84-0 | C17H22O3S |
| —— | O2,O3,O5-trimethyl-D-mannonic acid-4-lactone | 113625-84-6 | C9H16O6 |
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