内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5R,6S)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-((S,E)-1-methylbut-2-en)dihydro-3H-pyran-2,4-dione | 1080673-46-6 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6,-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 132395-24-5 | C31H54O6Si |
| —— | 7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid | 4355-19-5 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | 63973-74-0 | C36H52O6 | |
| —— | 64086-42-6 | C19H26O4 | |
| —— | (1R,2S,4S,8R)-4,6-dibromo-5-methoxy-3,5'-dioxo-4',5'-dihydro-3'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]oct[5]ene-2,2'-furan]-8-carbaldehyde | 1452925-72-2 | C13H12Br2O5 |
| —— | lactone of 1,1-dioxo-trans-2-iodo-cis-3-hydroxythiolan-4-ylacetic acid | 114430-29-4 | C6H7IO4S |
| —— | 5-(9-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-hydroxynona-1,7-diynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1189152-40-6 | C19H30O4Si |
| —— | 9,9,12,12,21,21,24,24-octamethyl-1,2,7,8,13,14,19,20-octaoxa-cyclotetracosane-3,6,15,18-tetraone | 64545-31-9 | C24H40O12 |
| —— | (1S,5R)-1-Methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-2,7-dione | 73223-54-8 | C8H8O3 |
| —— | (4'aR)-2'c,5'c,8'a-trimethyl-5-oxo-(2Co,4'ar,8'at)-decahydro-spiro[furan-2,1'-naphthalene]-5't-carbaldehyde | 107621-10-3 | C17H26O3 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-4,5-dihydro-3-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-iodomethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 670223-09-3 | C11H17IO2S |
| —— | (5Z,13E)-(8R,11R,12R,15S)-1-[(N-Methanesulfonyl)-carbamoyloxy]9-oxo-19-methyl-5,13,18-prostatriene-11,15-diol | 66478-13-5 | C23H37NO7S |
| —— | (4R,6S,7R)-5,5,7-Trichloro-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 65514-36-5 | C8H9Cl3O4 |
| —— | 10-cyclopropyl-9-propionyl-(E)-6-decenolide | 114714-91-9 | C16H24O3 |
| —— | dl-bi(4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl) | 136476-50-1 | C14H24N2O4 |
| —— | (3aR,7aS)-5,6,7a-Trimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 129172-68-5 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 8-butyl-1,8-dimethyl-2,6-dioxobicyclo<2.2.2>octane-3,5-dione | 73636-80-3 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | ethyl (2,2,6-trimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-yl)carbamate | 1453860-22-4 | C11H17NO4 |
| —— | (9R,10S,11S,12R,21S,22R)-10,11,21,22-Tetraphenyl-3,7,14,18-tetraoxa-tricyclo[18.2.0.0<sup>9,12</sup>]docosane-2,8,13,19-tetraone | 65550-23-4 | C42H40O8 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-isopropyl-3-(3-phenylpropyloxycarbonyl)-oxetan-2-one | 1438433-93-2 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | 3-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one, (1R)- | 21251-52-5 | C6H8O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1R,4S,6S,7R,8S,10S,11R)-11-hydroxy-6-methoxy-11-methyl-3-oxo-8-(2,2,2-trichloro-acetylamino)-2,5-dioxa-tricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undec-10-yl ester | 674793-02-3 | C15H18Cl3NO8 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (Z)-(R)-cyclooct-4-enyl ester | 39637-80-4 | C18H26O4 |
| —— | 1025740-26-4 | C7H10O2 | |
| —— | 4-Methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 132994-89-9 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 5-(1-Ethyl-cyclopropyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 68157-85-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R,8Z)-9-bromo-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4,8-trienyl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one | 1010440-92-2 | C26H45BrO5Si |
| —— | α-Butyl-γ-<6-amino-4-hydroxy-(1,3,5)triazinyl-(2)>-γ-butyrolacton | 92027-44-6 | C11H16N4O3 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-6-(Bis-ethylsulfanyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 117970-48-6 | C10H18O3S2 |
| —— | (3aS,5aS,9bS)-8-Acetyl-5a,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 113105-62-7 | C17H22O3 |
| —— | 6(R)-<2-<1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-Octahydro-2(R),6(R)-dimethyl-8(S)-<<2(S)-methylbutyryl>oxy>-3,4-cyclopropano-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(R)-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 85614-23-9 | C25H38O5 |
| —— | [(3R,4S)-2-Oxo-4-((1E,5E)-1,3,3-trimethyl-6-trimethylsilanyl-hexa-1,5-dienyl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 137266-29-6 | C19H32O4Si |
| —— | 4,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 13353-20-3 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (4aR,6R,8aR)-6-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-7-methyl-4-methylene-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromen-2-one | 1376709-14-6 | C17H28O3Si |
| —— | D-<1-13C>-threonate | 108341-66-8 | C4H6O4 |
| —— | 9-Oxabicyclo[3.3.2]decan-10-one, 2-(phenylseleno)-, endo- | 75826-37-8 | C15H18O2Se |
| —— | (1'S,2R,3S)-2-(2'-methylenecyclopentyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde | 913969-12-7 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 616225-55-9 | C23H38O8Si | |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,5S,6S)-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | 136713-39-8 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 2,3,5-Trioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-one | 65651-82-3 | C5H6O4 |
| —— | 1-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 32116-53-3 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 1-Chlor-2,4-dioxo-5-methyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexan | 63751-89-3 | C6H5ClO3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,9R)-(-)-9-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-4-on | 119337-68-7 | C15H28O3Si |
| —— | (1RS,4SR,5SR)-1,5-dimethyl-4-ethenyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-7-one | 105665-88-1 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,6R,6aS,7aR,8aS,8bS)-7a-acetyl-3,6-dimethyloctahydrooxireno[2',3':2,3]indeno[3a,4-b]furan-2(3H)-one | 72807-97-7 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 13-methoxycarbonyl-3-oxotetradecan-13-olide | 110451-12-2 | C16H26O5 |
| —— | (1R,3S,4R,8R)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenyl-2,6-dioxa-bicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-5-one | 143618-77-3 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | (4R,6S,7R,9S)-7-Iodo-4,9-dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-2-one | 118682-31-8 | C12H19IO2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aS,4S,5R,6S,6aS,9aR,9bS)-5-acetoxy-6,9a-dimethyl-2,9-dioxo-8-phenylselanyl-dodecahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 117211-81-1 | C24H28O7Se |
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