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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(1,3-Dimethylbut-1-enyl)furan-2-one 67800-85-5 C10H16O2
    5-(1,3-Dimethylbut-1-enyl)furan-2-one
    —— Helicascolide A 121350-98-9 C12H20O3
    Helicascolide A
    —— (4R,5R)-5-hexyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 145285-57-0 C10H18O3
    (4R,5R)-5-hexyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(Z)-hex-1-enyl]-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1402044-04-5 C10H16O3
    (4R,5R)-5-[(Z)-hex-1-enyl]-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(Z)-oct-1-enyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1402044-00-1 C12H20O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(Z)-oct-1-enyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5R)-(iodomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 58879-35-9 C5H7IO2
    (5R)-(iodomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 499-87-6 C6H10O5
    3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3R,4R,7R)-7-[(2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-4-[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-3-methyloxepan-2-one 159276-76-3 C25H44O3Si2
    (3R,4R,7R)-7-[(2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-4-[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-3-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (4R,7R)-4-[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-7-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]oxepan-2-one 159276-75-2 C18H28O3Si
    (4R,7R)-4-[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-7-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]oxepan-2-one
    —— 6,6,7a-trimethylhexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one —— C11H18O2
    6,6,7a-trimethylhexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one
    —— bis-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-ether 861344-79-8 C8H10O5
    bis-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-ether
    —— α-(2-Hydroxy-methylcycloheptyl)-isobutyrsaeure-lacton 100314-69-0 C12H20O2
    α-(2-Hydroxy-methylcycloheptyl)-isobutyrsaeure-lacton
    —— (1S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-en-7-one 79644-03-4 C7H8O2
    (1S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-en-7-one
    —— 5-decen-5-olide 163843-08-1 C10H16O2
    5-decen-5-olide
    —— 4-Methylidene-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 254732-57-5 C8H10O3
    4-Methylidene-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— (S)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,8-dione 227597-01-5 C7H6O4
    (S)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,8-dione
    —— (-)-Acaranosaeure 20247-99-8 C17H30O4
    (-)-Acaranosaeure
    —— Dihydrolongianone 254732-58-6 C7H8O4
    Dihydrolongianone
    —— (S)-6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid δ-lactone 175398-31-9 C22H28O3Si
    (S)-6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— ethyl 3-(but-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate 1190898-20-4 C12H18O4
    ethyl 3-(but-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— 9-Oxabicyclo(6.2.1)undeca-1,5-dien-10-one, 2-((acetyloxy)methyl)-11-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-6-methyl- 116406-17-8 C22H32O4
    9-Oxabicyclo(6.2.1)undeca-1,5-dien-10-one, 2-((acetyloxy)methyl)-11-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-6-methyl-
    —— (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(E,2R)-2-hydroxypent-3-enyl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 1026962-59-3 C12H20O4
    (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(E,2R)-2-hydroxypent-3-enyl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— N-(2,2-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide 82010-56-8 C9H12F3NO3
    N-(2,2-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
    —— dihydro-4-acetoxy-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone 132280-00-3 C8H12O4
    dihydro-4-acetoxy-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,4R)-(+)-3-methyl-4-ethynyloxetan-2-one 1224882-70-5 C6H6O2
    (3R,4R)-(+)-3-methyl-4-ethynyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-(R)-methyl-4-(R)-(trimethylsilylethynyl)oxetan-2-one 287724-86-1 C9H14O2Si
    3-(R)-methyl-4-(R)-(trimethylsilylethynyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (4SR,5SR)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-methylene-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C11H18O3
    (4SR,5SR)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-methylene-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one 89724-94-7 C6H8O3
    2,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one
    —— 3-oxo-1,5-dimethyl-4,7,7-tricyano-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane 118645-02-6 C11H9N3O2
    3-oxo-1,5-dimethyl-4,7,7-tricyano-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane
    —— (3aα,6α,6aα)-hexahydro-3,3,6-trimethyl-1H-cyclopenta[c]furanon-1-one 78247-16-2 C10H16O2
    (3aα,6α,6aα)-hexahydro-3,3,6-trimethyl-1H-cyclopenta[c]furanon-1-one
    —— 4.4-Dimethyl-2-carboxy-butyrolacton 50598-41-9 C7H10O4
    4.4-Dimethyl-2-carboxy-butyrolacton
    —— 5,6-anhydro-3deoxy-D-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone 104731-90-0 C6H8O4
    5,6-anhydro-3deoxy-D-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (S)-(+)-5-acetoxy-6,6-dimethyl-heptanolide 116536-33-5 C10H16O4
    (S)-(+)-5-acetoxy-6,6-dimethyl-heptanolide
    —— 3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 89810-15-1 C9H14N2O2
    3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— Methyl (2R,3R,4S,5R)-3-methoxycarbonylamino-2,5-dimethyl-5-pentanolide-4-carboxylate 110919-05-6 C11H17NO6
    Methyl (2R,3R,4S,5R)-3-methoxycarbonylamino-2,5-dimethyl-5-pentanolide-4-carboxylate
    —— 8-Isopropyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro<4.5>-decan 218958-51-1 C12H20O2
    8-Isopropyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro<4.5>-decan
    —— Ethane-1,2-diamine;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one —— C23H40N4O4
    Ethane-1,2-diamine;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— 1-Isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one 52136-47-7 C21H32N2O4
    1-Isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— 3-(α-cyclohexylphenylmethyl)-3-(methylsulfanyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-43-8 C18H24O2S
    3-(α-cyclohexylphenylmethyl)-3-(methylsulfanyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-3-(α-cyclohexylphenylmethylene)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-38-1 C17H20O2
    (E)-3-(α-cyclohexylphenylmethylene)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-(α-cyclohexylphenylmethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-33-6 C17H22O2
    3-(α-cyclohexylphenylmethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (7R)-7-cyclohexyloxepan-2-one 1218916-34-7 C12H20O2
    (7R)-7-cyclohexyloxepan-2-one
    —— 5-Isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;oxepan-2-one 58675-12-0 C18H28N2O4
    5-Isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,6aS)-4-[1,2-epoxy-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 662112-06-3 C12H20O3Si
    (3aR,4R,6aS)-4-[1,2-epoxy-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (2'E)-(3aR,4R,6aS)-4-(2'-trimethylsilylethenyl)hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 662112-19-8 C12H20O2Si
    (2'E)-(3aR,4R,6aS)-4-(2'-trimethylsilylethenyl)hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one 172332-67-1 C9H14O2
    (1S,5R,6R)-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one
    —— α-carboxy-α-methyl-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone 128883-63-6 C8H12O4
    α-carboxy-α-methyl-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6-bromo-7-phenylbicyclo<3.1.1>heptane-6,7-carbolactone 129576-93-8 C14H13BrO2
    6-bromo-7-phenylbicyclo<3.1.1>heptane-6,7-carbolactone
    —— (1S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>non-3-en-7-on 128551-11-1 C11H16O2
    (1S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>non-3-en-7-on
    —— (1S,6R)-4,9,9-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.1>non-4-en-8-on 128551-12-2 C11H16O2
    (1S,6R)-4,9,9-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.1>non-4-en-8-on