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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3R)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3S)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3S)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3R)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— tert-amylcaprolactone —— C11H20O2
    tert-amylcaprolactone
    —— 5-[2-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C13H15ClO2
    5-[2-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-dichloromethyl-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C8H10Cl2O2
    4-dichloromethyl-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— coronarin D methyl ether —— C21H32O3
    coronarin D methyl ether
    —— (+)-(3'S,3R)-3-(1'-phenyl-3'-hydroxy-4'-oxohex-3'-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C16H20O4
    (+)-(3'S,3R)-3-(1'-phenyl-3'-hydroxy-4'-oxohex-3'-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O5
    ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (1SR,7'SR)-tricarbonyl((11,12,13,14-η)-tricyclo(8.5.0.0(3,9))pentadeca-3,5,7,11,13-pentaene-2-spiro-8'-(7'a,8'-dihydro-2'H-cyclohepta(c)furan-2'one))iron —— C26H20FeO5
    (1SR,7'SR)-tricarbonyl((11,12,13,14-η)-tricyclo(8.5.0.0(3,9))pentadeca-3,5,7,11,13-pentaene-2-spiro-8'-(7'a,8'-dihydro-2'H-cyclohepta(c)furan-2'one))iron
    —— 4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C22H28O4Si
    4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— methyl (1SR,2RS,3RS)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-3-vinylcyclopentanecarboxylate —— C14H14O4
    methyl (1SR,2RS,3RS)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-3-vinylcyclopentanecarboxylate
    —— 3-(1-hydroxy-2-butenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C8H12O3
    3-(1-hydroxy-2-butenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— cis-5-n-Butyl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C14H18O2
    cis-5-n-Butyl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-ethynyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C7H8O2
    6-ethynyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-4-allylidene-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (R)-4-allylidene-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-Methylen-5-phenyl-5-(2'-chlorethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-on —— C13H13ClO2
    3-Methylen-5-phenyl-5-(2'-chlorethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-on
    —— cheloviolene E —— C21H32O4
    cheloviolene E
    —— (3aSR,4RS,7SR,7aRS)-3,3,7a-trimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one —— C12H16O2
    (3aSR,4RS,7SR,7aRS)-3,3,7a-trimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
    —— (2'R*,4R*)-4-(1-tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxybut-3-en-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C25H32O3Si
    (2'R*,4R*)-4-(1-tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxybut-3-en-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— exo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester —— C12H14O4
    exo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester
    —— endo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester —— C12H14O4
    endo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester
    —— cis-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H22O4Si2
    cis-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— trans-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H22O4Si2
    trans-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— ethyl (3aSR,6aSR)-6a-allyl-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3a-carboxylate —— C13H18O4
    ethyl (3aSR,6aSR)-6a-allyl-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3a-carboxylate
    —— (R,S)-4,5-dihydro-4-(dimethylaminosulfonamido)-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C12H24N2O4S
    (R,S)-4,5-dihydro-4-(dimethylaminosulfonamido)-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— <3aR-<3aα,4aα,5α,6β(S<sup>*</sup>),8aα,8bα>>-6-<(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl>-2-ethoxy-3a,4a,5,6,8a,8b-hexahydro-5,8a-dimethyl-8H-pyrano<3',4':4,5>furo<3,2-d>oxazol-8-one —— C18H27NO7
    <3aR-<3aα,4aα,5α,6β(S<sup>*</sup>),8aα,8bα>>-6-<(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl>-2-ethoxy-3a,4a,5,6,8a,8b-hexahydro-5,8a-dimethyl-8H-pyrano<3',4':4,5>furo<3,2-d>oxazol-8-one
    —— (4S,E)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1R,4aS,5R, 6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,8a-trimethyldecahydronaphthalen-1-yl) ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C20H32O5
    (4S,E)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1R,4aS,5R, 6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,8a-trimethyldecahydronaphthalen-1-yl) ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-4-[(3R)-3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuranoxy)carbonyl]-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuran —— C15H22O6
    3,5-dimethyl-4-[(3R)-3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuranoxy)carbonyl]-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuran
    —— (2S,3R,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone —— C12H14O3
    (2S,3R,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 4-pentadecyloxetan-2-one —— C18H34O2
    4-pentadecyloxetan-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-isopropyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one —— C41H52O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-isopropyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-Methylene-2H-pyran-2-one —— C6H8O2
    4-Methylene-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-methylene-5-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C13H14O2
    5-methyl-3-methylene-5-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-amino-5-ethoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H11NO3
    (4S)-4-amino-5-ethoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(E-phenylmethylene)-5-methyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C14H14O2
    3-(E-phenylmethylene)-5-methyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-2-phenyl δ-valerolactone —— C11H12O2
    (R)-2-phenyl δ-valerolactone
    —— 3-methyl-4-(4-pentenyl)oxetan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    3-methyl-4-(4-pentenyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(4-cyano-2-butyl)-2-butyl-4-butanolide —— C13H21NO2
    4-(4-cyano-2-butyl)-2-butyl-4-butanolide
    —— 3-cyclopentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H14O2
    3-cyclopentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-(2H-3,4-dihydropyran-6-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one —— C10H12O3
    1-(2H-3,4-dihydropyran-6-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— (+/-)-(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (+/-)-(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C22H26O3Si
    (1S,5R)-1-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 8a-phenyl-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one —— C17H18O2
    8a-phenyl-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,1'S)-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C10H18O6
    (3R,4R,1'S)-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4S,5S)-(E)-4-(3-hydroxyhept-1-enyl)-5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C12H20O4
    (4S,5S)-(E)-4-(3-hydroxyhept-1-enyl)-5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C13H16O3
    (+/-)-(3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3,3,5-Trimethyl-6-phenyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    3,3,5-Trimethyl-6-phenyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— α-(Z)-(1'-Bromononylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C14H22Br2O2
    α-(Z)-(1'-Bromononylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone