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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy(113C)methyl]-3-phenylselanyl(2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-one 1303556-40-2 C27H30O3SeSi
    (3S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy(113C)methyl]-3-phenylselanyl(2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy(113C)methyl]-3-phenylselanyl(2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-one 1303556-39-9 C27H30O3SeSi
    (3R,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy(113C)methyl]-3-phenylselanyl(2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy(113C)methyl](2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-one 1303556-37-7 C21H26O3Si
    (5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy(113C)methyl](2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-one
    —— Bicyclo <3,3,0> octan-dicarbonsaeure-(2,4)-anhydrid 4737-34-2 C10H12O3
    Bicyclo <3,3,0> octan-dicarbonsaeure-(2,4)-anhydrid
    —— 3-cyclohexylmethylidene-5-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one 132209-84-8 C12H18O2
    3-cyclohexylmethylidene-5-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2-(butylthiomethylene)-4-butanolide 62527-61-1 C9H14O2S
    2-(butylthiomethylene)-4-butanolide
    —— 1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-YL)hexadec-8-ene-4,7,11-trione 62524-71-4 C20H30O5
    1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-YL)hexadec-8-ene-4,7,11-trione
    —— 6-(Bromomethylidene)oxan-2-one 79054-08-3 C6H7BrO2
    6-(Bromomethylidene)oxan-2-one
    —— 3-Heptylidene-5-methyloxolan-2-one 132209-86-0 C12H20O2
    3-Heptylidene-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1-Methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-5-ene-2,4-dione 91650-60-1 C9H10O3
    1-Methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-5-ene-2,4-dione
    —— Simplexolide E 1380680-58-9 C17H30O3
    Simplexolide E
    —— (RS)-3-(3-bromo-phenyl)-glutaric acid anhydride 232595-93-6 C11H9BrO3
    (RS)-3-(3-bromo-phenyl)-glutaric acid anhydride
    —— 3-isopropyltetronic acid 113599-55-6 C7H10O3
    3-isopropyltetronic acid
    —— (3R,5S)-3-((Z)-hexadeca-9,15-dien-7-ynyl)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(3H)-one 1333896-67-5 C21H32O3
    (3R,5S)-3-((Z)-hexadeca-9,15-dien-7-ynyl)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— canaginone E 1333896-64-2 C23H36O3
    canaginone E
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxydodecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione 89288-27-7 C20H34O4
    3-(1-Hydroxydodecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxytetradecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione 89707-02-8 C22H38O4
    3-(1-Hydroxytetradecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— a-Difluoroacetyl-g-butyrolactone 1229623-72-6 C6H6F2O3
    a-Difluoroacetyl-g-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-5-amino-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one 1033066-91-9 C7H13NO2
    (3R,4S,5S)-5-amino-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-Amino-5-(2-amino-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 53990-02-6 C6H12N2O2
    (4R,5S)-4-Amino-5-(2-amino-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-Amino-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 104545-86-0 C6H11NO3
    (4S,5R)-4-Amino-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 1032607-34-3 C5H7ClO3
    (3R,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[5-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-1-ynyl]oxolan-2-one 1334173-57-7 C25H30O3Si
    (5R)-5-[5-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-1-ynyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[5-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-1-ynyl]-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one 1334173-58-8 C28H34O3Si
    (3S,5R)-5-[5-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-1-ynyl]-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[5-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-1-ynyl]-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one 1334173-59-9 C28H34O3Si
    (3R,5R)-5-[5-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-1-ynyl]-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1s,2s,5s)-7-Oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid 851000-67-4 C8H10O4
    (1s,2s,5s)-7-Oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (5S,8R,9S,9aR)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-9-[2-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]ethyl]-5,6-dimethyl-4,5,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzoxepin-2-one 1286188-84-8 C28H46O3Si2
    (5S,8R,9S,9aR)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-9-[2-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]ethyl]-5,6-dimethyl-4,5,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzoxepin-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,5R)-7-Oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid 2743-93-3 C8H10O4
    (1R,2S,5R)-7-Oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— methyl (1S,2R,5S)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate 7771-14-4 C9H12O4
    methyl (1S,2R,5S)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— 3-Methylthio-4-butanolid 32318-68-6 C5H8O2S
    3-Methylthio-4-butanolid
    —— (3aR,4aR,7aR,7bR)-4-nitrohexahydrocyclopenta[2.1-b;3.4-b']difuran-2,6-dione 1286756-30-6 C9H9NO6
    (3aR,4aR,7aR,7bR)-4-nitrohexahydrocyclopenta[2.1-b;3.4-b']difuran-2,6-dione
    —— (3aS,6S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-3-methylidenespiro[4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-7,5'-furan]-2,2'-dione 1331837-13-8 C15H18O5
    (3aS,6S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-3-methylidenespiro[4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-7,5'-furan]-2,2'-dione
    —— 6-Ethenyl-3,3-dimethyloxan-2-one 1354401-45-8 C9H14O2
    6-Ethenyl-3,3-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3S,6R)-6-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one 1365543-56-1 C9H14O2
    (3S,6R)-6-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 1349054-06-3 C15H30O4Si
    (3R,4R,5R,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 1349053-97-9 C15H30O4Si
    (3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-[(Z)-8-(triisopropylsilyl)octa-2-en-5,7-diynyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1356132-97-2 C22H34O3Si
    (5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-[(Z)-8-(triisopropylsilyl)octa-2-en-5,7-diynyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-4-((1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1347738-58-2 C8H12O4
    (S)-4-((1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1350524-14-9 C8H14O4
    (3S,4S,5R)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-((1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1347738-57-1 C9H14O4
    (3S,4S)-4-((1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 7-Hydroxytetrahydro-2H-4,7-methano[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]oxepine-2,6(4H)-dione 859224-74-1 C8H8O6
    7-Hydroxytetrahydro-2H-4,7-methano[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]oxepine-2,6(4H)-dione
    —— 3-benzyl-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 69815-00-5 C13H16O2
    3-benzyl-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-en-1-yl)-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1372611-66-9 C9H14O3
    (3S,5R)-5-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-en-1-yl)-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1365541-28-1 C14H16O3
    (3R,4R)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-en-1-yl)-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1372611-75-0 C9H14O3
    (3S,5S)-5-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-en-1-yl)-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1365541-25-8 C14H16O3
    (3S,4S)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1365541-27-0 C14H16O3
    (3R,4S)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1365541-31-6 C14H16O3
    (3S,4R)-3-allyl-3-benzyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-chloro-5-octyloxolan-2-one 67107-95-3 C12H21ClO2
    (3S,5S)-3-chloro-5-octyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Hex-1-EN-1-YL)-4-methyloxolan-2-one 188442-41-3 C11H18O2
    5-(Hex-1-EN-1-YL)-4-methyloxolan-2-one