内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1-<i>tert</i>-butyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 31845-24-6 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-(oct-1-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1128080-00-1 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one | 131175-61-6 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | α-Ethyl-γ-ethoxycarbonyl-butyrolacton | 100145-17-3 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (6R,8R)-6-azido-8-propyloxocan-2-one | 945772-98-5 | C10H17N3O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (E)-1-(6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-but-2-enyl ester | 109387-85-1 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 52180-19-5 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (7Z,9Z)-(3S,3aS,6S,11R,11aS)-11-Hydroxy-3,6,10-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6,11,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | 70868-19-8 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]-3-methylbutylcarbamate | 849410-35-1 | C17H31NO5 |
| —— | 106237-59-6 | C19H32O2 | |
| —— | rel-(3aR,4S,6S,7aS)-6-acetoxymethyl-4-hydroxy-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo<b>furan-2(3H)-one | 92463-84-8 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | [3-hydroxy-3-(tetrahydro-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-2-phenylpropyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 677325-01-8 | C18H25NO5 |
| —— | methyl 2-[(4-oxooxetan-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]acetate | 108616-01-9 | C7H10O4S |
| —— | (2S,4S)-(-)-2,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid lactone | 88133-86-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 2-((R)-3-Methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetamide | 206532-53-8 | C7H11NO3 |
| —— | Tert-butyl2,6-dioxooxane-4-carboxylate | 2490400-66-1 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 5-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)-δ-valerolactone | 1105107-69-4 | C8H9F5O2 |
| —— | trans-4-hydroxy-6-(mercaptomethyl)-4-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 88407-17-4 | C7H12O3S |
| —— | (5S,5aS,8S,8aS)-5,8-Dimethyl-octahydro-cyclopenta[b]oxepin-2-one | 84249-47-8 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (1S,5S,6S)-5-Hydroxy-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.2]decan-8-one | 84033-90-9 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-but-3-enyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 144487-48-9 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 73689-80-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 4-Benzyl-3-eth-(Z)-ylidene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 139669-67-3 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | N-((2S,3R,4S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetamide | 67262-30-0 | C8H13NO4 |
| —— | ((E)-5-Pent-1-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 1210512-52-9 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one | 611236-92-1 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 1416429-60-1 | C8H10O2 | |
| —— | methyl (Z)-2-[dihydro-5-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxo-3(2H)-furanylidene]acetate | 1257108-57-8 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | 2,5-Di-O-(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone | 138760-72-2 | C13H24O7 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]pyran-3-one | 90925-65-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-(iodomethyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one | 131175-65-0 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | (-)-Dihydro-allo-protolichesterinsaeuremethylester | 19464-83-6 | C20H36O4 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-3-oxo-1<i>H</i>-cyclohepta[<i>c</i>]furan-3a-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 29937-91-5 | C12H12O5 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-1,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-isochromen-3-one | 93306-61-7 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (1'R,3S,4'R,5'S,9'R,9a'R)-1'-hydroxy-5',9'-dimethyl-4',5',8',9'-tetrahydrospiro[oxetane-3,6'-[4,9a]methanocyclopenta[d]oxocine]-2,2'(1'H)-dione | 431071-03-3 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 3-Oxabicyclo<3.2.0>hept-6-en-2-on | 59664-78-7 | C6H6O2 |
| —— | (5,6-epoxy-4-ethoxycarbonyl-7-hydroxy-3-oxo-8a-vinyl-octahydro-isochromen-6-yl)-malonic acid di-<i>tert</i>-butyl ester | 66556-62-5 | C25H36O10 |
| —— | 4-amyloxymethyl-2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxypropyl)butanolide | 945738-34-1 | C13H23BrO4 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-3,3,6,6-tetramethylheptansaeure-lacton | 33158-92-8 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 2-dodecyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 680200-08-2 | C17H30O3 |
| —— | α-Phenyl-γ-aethoxycarbonyl-butyrolacton | 1144-49-6 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpentansaeure-lacton | 20215-64-9 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 3-[1-Methyl-pyrrolidin-(2E)-ylidene]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 144039-60-1 | C10H13NO3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,2S,6R,7S)-6-chloromethyl-3-oxo-4,10-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-1-yl ester | 79684-44-9 | C11H13ClO5 |
| —— | 4-(2'-hydroxyadamantan-2'-yl)butanolide | 946617-04-5 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (R)-3-Chloro-3-ethyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.6]decan-2-one | 138589-67-0 | C11H17ClO2 |
| —— | 6-((Z)-2-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-vinyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 78946-03-9 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-oxa-manoyloxid | 3467-15-0 | C19H30O3 |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-3a-Phenyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2,6-dione | 115276-26-1 | C14H14O3 |
| —— | 1-Oxo-3-(2,4,7-trioxaoct-1-yl)-8-methyl-2-oxaspiro<4.5>-deca-6,10-diene | 75233-47-5 | C15H22O5 |
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