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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[4-methyl-7-[2-methyl-5-(2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]hepta-3,6-dienyl]-2H-furan-5-one —— C22H30O5
    4-[4-methyl-7-[2-methyl-5-(2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]hepta-3,6-dienyl]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— 5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 27927-66-8 C9H16O3
    5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3,4,6-Trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,11-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.01,6]dodecan-9-one —— C15H24O6
    3,4,6-Trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,11-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.01,6]dodecan-9-one
    —— 6,6a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H14O5
    6,6a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H18O5
    8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-Dodec-11-ynylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C17H26O3
    3-Dodec-11-ynylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [2-oxo-5-(2,4,4-trimethyl-8-methylidene-3,3a,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-2-yl)oxan-4-yl]methyl acetate —— C22H34O4
    [2-oxo-5-(2,4,4-trimethyl-8-methylidene-3,3a,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-2-yl)oxan-4-yl]methyl acetate
    —— 3-Methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradecane-9,13-dione —— C15H18O4
    3-Methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradecane-9,13-dione
    —— 9-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one —— C20H28O4
    9-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 6-Hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C23H44O3
    6-Hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (14,15-Dihydroxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) butanoate —— C24H38O7
    (14,15-Dihydroxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) butanoate
    —— (3,7,11,12-Tetramethyl-8,14-dioxo-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-5-yl) acetate —— C18H22O6
    (3,7,11,12-Tetramethyl-8,14-dioxo-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-5-yl) acetate
    —— 1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-8,9-dihydroxy-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3,6-dione —— C18H26O5
    1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-8,9-dihydroxy-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3,6-dione
    —— [13-(Furan-3-yl)-6,6,10-trimethyl-7,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadecan-8-yl] 2-methylbutanoate —— C25H34O7
    [13-(Furan-3-yl)-6,6,10-trimethyl-7,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadecan-8-yl] 2-methylbutanoate
    —— 5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadec-17-en-9-ynyloxolan-2-one —— C24H40O3
    5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadec-17-en-9-ynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5,5,10,13,15-Pentamethyl-6,19-dioxahexacyclo[13.6.1.01,11.04,10.013,21.017,21]docos-8-ene-7,14,18-trione —— C25H32O5
    5,5,10,13,15-Pentamethyl-6,19-dioxahexacyclo[13.6.1.01,11.04,10.013,21.017,21]docos-8-ene-7,14,18-trione
    —— 5-(5-Hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H18O3
    5-(5-Hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-ethenyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one —— C10H12O3
    4-ethenyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one
    —— 8-Methyl-9-decanolide —— C11H20O2
    8-Methyl-9-decanolide
    —— 5'-(furan-3-yl)-4-methylidenespiro[10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,3'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C19H20O5
    5'-(furan-3-yl)-4-methylidenespiro[10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,3'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 5-butyl-3-methoxy-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C11H17O6P
    5-butyl-3-methoxy-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 2,11,12-Trihydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12,13-dimethyl-6,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,9.04,9]tetradecan-7-one —— C15H22O7
    2,11,12-Trihydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12,13-dimethyl-6,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,9.04,9]tetradecan-7-one
    —— 7,11,13-Trihydroxy-5,13-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-4-one —— C15H22O6
    7,11,13-Trihydroxy-5,13-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-4-one
    —— Methyl 2-[14-(furan-3-yl)-17-hydroxy-2,7,7,9,13-pentamethyl-6,16-dioxo-3,15-dioxapentacyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,10.04,9]heptadec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C27H32O9
    Methyl 2-[14-(furan-3-yl)-17-hydroxy-2,7,7,9,13-pentamethyl-6,16-dioxo-3,15-dioxapentacyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,10.04,9]heptadec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 5-(3-Oxobut-1-enyl)-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O3
    5-(3-Oxobut-1-enyl)-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— rac-Norbisabolid 86532-06-1 C12H18O2
    rac-Norbisabolid
    —— 7,8-Dihydroxy-3,6,6-trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one —— C15H20O4
    7,8-Dihydroxy-3,6,6-trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one
    —— 5,9a-Dihydroxy-8-(methoxymethyl)-4,5a-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10a-hexahydropyrano[3,4-b]chromene-1,9-dione —— C16H22O7
    5,9a-Dihydroxy-8-(methoxymethyl)-4,5a-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10a-hexahydropyrano[3,4-b]chromene-1,9-dione
    —— 9-(3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one —— C12H20O4S2
    9-(3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one
    —— 15,5-Farnesanolide 160775-28-0 C15H28O2
    15,5-Farnesanolide
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-nonyloxan-2-one —— C15H28O3
    4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-nonyloxan-2-one
    —— 6a-methyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)-4-propan-2-yl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C15H24O3
    6a-methyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)-4-propan-2-yl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— 6-Nonadecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C24H46O2
    6-Nonadecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 7-[6-(3-hydroxy-2,3,5,6a-tetramethyl-3a,4-dihydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl)hexa-1,3,5-trienyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C26H34O5
    7-[6-(3-hydroxy-2,3,5,6a-tetramethyl-3a,4-dihydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl)hexa-1,3,5-trienyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 1_2-Anhydroballotiquinone —— C20H20O6
    1_2-Anhydroballotiquinone
    —— jasmolactone 32764-99-1 C11H18O2
    jasmolactone
    —— 5-(Chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]oxan-2-one —— C15H23ClO5
    5-(Chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— 3,6,6-Trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one —— C15H20O2
    3,6,6-Trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one
    —— Axivalin 14026-85-8 C17H22O5
    Axivalin
    —— 4,13-Dihydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-11,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,5.08,12]hexadecan-10-one —— C15H22O6
    4,13-Dihydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-11,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,5.08,12]hexadecan-10-one
    —— 8,8,13,17-Tetramethyl-7-oxapentacyclo[10.7.0.01,3.03,9.013,17]nonadecane-6,16-dione —— C22H32O3
    8,8,13,17-Tetramethyl-7-oxapentacyclo[10.7.0.01,3.03,9.013,17]nonadecane-6,16-dione
    —— 5-methyl-3-oxo-3-(13-oxohexadecoxy)-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H39O7P
    5-methyl-3-oxo-3-(13-oxohexadecoxy)-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one —— C12H16O3
    3-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
    —— 3-methoxy-3-oxo-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C10H15O6P
    3-methoxy-3-oxo-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 2,12-Dihydroxy-7-methyl-11-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.2.2.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-10-one —— C15H18O6
    2,12-Dihydroxy-7-methyl-11-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.2.2.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-10-one
    —— 10,16-Dihydroxy-4,5,13,19,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-23-one —— C28H44O4
    10,16-Dihydroxy-4,5,13,19,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-23-one
    —— 3-oxo-5-propyl-3-tetradecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O6P
    3-oxo-5-propyl-3-tetradecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-6-prop-1-enyloxan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-6-prop-1-enyloxan-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O4
    8-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(Methoxymethyl)-7-methyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C16H26O3
    3-(Methoxymethyl)-7-methyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one