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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(2-((2S,5S)-5-(3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-3-methylenetetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1139773-65-1 C31H42O4Si
    (3R,5R)-5-(2-((2S,5S)-5-(3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-3-methylenetetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S,1'R)-5-(1'-bromo-2'-cyclohexylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 137530-21-3 C12H19BrO2
    (5S,1'R)-5-(1'-bromo-2'-cyclohexylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,5R,7R)-4-(E)-ethylidene-7-methyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3,3.0]octan-3-one 1431611-81-2 C9H12O3
    (1R,5R,7R)-4-(E)-ethylidene-7-methyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3,3.0]octan-3-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one 109863-50-5 C11H22O4Si
    (4S,5R)-5-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— Acetic acid (2R,3R,4S)-4-dodecyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester 385842-95-5 C19H34O4
    Acetic acid (2R,3R,4S)-4-dodecyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester
    —— 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-14-oxatetracyclo<7.4.1<sup>1,11</sup>.0<sup>2,6</sup>>tetradecan-8-one 86679-53-0 C14H20O3
    5-hydroxy-6-methyl-14-oxatetracyclo<7.4.1<sup>1,11</sup>.0<sup>2,6</sup>>tetradecan-8-one
    —— α-tert-butoxycarbonyl-α-benzyl-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone 1086018-50-9 C18H22O4
    α-tert-butoxycarbonyl-α-benzyl-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone
    —— 3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-5-carboxylic acid 70909-80-7 C9H12O4
    3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-5-carboxylic acid
    —— (+/-)-3-Hexanoyl-5-hydroxy-valeriansaeure-lacton 3787-58-4 C11H18O3
    (+/-)-3-Hexanoyl-5-hydroxy-valeriansaeure-lacton
    —— (4S)-4-(2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1333325-47-5 C22H28O3Si
    (4S)-4-(2-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1309750-42-2 C8H10O4
    —— bis(2-oxo-oxetan-4-ylmethyl)sulphoxide 108616-22-4 C8H10O5S
    bis(2-oxo-oxetan-4-ylmethyl)sulphoxide
    —— all-cis-3,4-Dibrom-cyclobutan-dicarbonsaeure-(1,2)-anhydrid 4933-62-4 C6H4Br2O3
    all-cis-3,4-Dibrom-cyclobutan-dicarbonsaeure-(1,2)-anhydrid
    —— Thenyliden-(2)-malonsaeure-thenyliden-ester 96313-30-3 C13H8O4S2
    Thenyliden-(2)-malonsaeure-thenyliden-ester
    —— 3-[(E)-1-hydroxybut-2-enylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1346518-43-1 C8H10O3
    3-[(E)-1-hydroxybut-2-enylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 1174396-65-6 C9H12O2
    5,5-dimethyl-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-6-heptanolide 110444-28-5 C8H14O2
    4-methyl-6-heptanolide
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-3-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one 136409-65-9 C13H26O4Si
    (3R,4R,5R)-3-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3,4-diallyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one 1209462-66-7 C10H14O2
    (3S,4S)-3,4-diallyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-nitro-1,3,4-trimethyl-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-(1)-lacton 92244-39-8 C10H15NO4
    3-Hydroxy-4-nitro-1,3,4-trimethyl-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-(1)-lacton
    —— 8-exo-bromo-7-endo-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo<3.3.0.04,6>octan-3-one 76759-16-5 C8H9BrO3
    8-exo-bromo-7-endo-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo<3.3.0.04,6>octan-3-one
    —— (R)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1374753-67-9 C11H19BO4
    (R)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 1-hydroxyperhydroindan-6,4-carbolactone 115333-67-0 C10H14O3
    1-hydroxyperhydroindan-6,4-carbolactone
    —— (1S,4S,5S,6R)-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1431160-93-8 C13H20O5
    (1S,4S,5S,6R)-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-butyl-5-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1613041-45-4 C12H22O2
    (3R,5S)-3-butyl-5-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— ent-2β-Hydroxy-3α-(methoxymethoxy)-16-oxo-17,20-dinor-9α,15α-cyclogibberell-1(10)-ene-7,19-dioic acid 7-(methyl ester) 19,2-lactone 114673-20-0 C21H24O7
    ent-2β-Hydroxy-3α-(methoxymethoxy)-16-oxo-17,20-dinor-9α,15α-cyclogibberell-1(10)-ene-7,19-dioic acid 7-(methyl ester) 19,2-lactone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-butyl-2-methyl-butyrolacton 31005-32-0 C9H16O3
    4-Hydroxy-2-butyl-2-methyl-butyrolacton
    —— (4S,6R)-6-[(E,2R)-4-iodobut-3-en-2-yl]-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one 909257-51-8 C12H17IO2
    (4S,6R)-6-[(E,2R)-4-iodobut-3-en-2-yl]-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one
    —— 4,4'-Diethyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione 35346-03-3 C12H18O4
    4,4'-Diethyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione
    —— (3S,5R)-tert-butyl 5-(iodomethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1440524-81-1 C11H17IO4
    (3S,5R)-tert-butyl 5-(iodomethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— 5(S)-<1(R),3(S)-Dimethyl-2(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5-<(trimethylsilyl)oxy>-4-pentynyl>-4(R)-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 137870-78-1 C21H40O3Si2
    5(S)-<1(R),3(S)-Dimethyl-2(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5-<(trimethylsilyl)oxy>-4-pentynyl>-4(R)-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3aS,3bR,6R,6aS,7aR)-6a-(Hydroxyimino-methyl)-3a-methyl-1-oxo-decahydro-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester 95493-77-9 C14H19NO5
    (3aS,3bR,6R,6aS,7aR)-6a-(Hydroxyimino-methyl)-3a-methyl-1-oxo-decahydro-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-(Propane-2-sulfonylmethyl)-oxetan-2-one 108616-17-7 C7H12O4S
    4-(Propane-2-sulfonylmethyl)-oxetan-2-one
    —— 5-(1,1-difluoroethyl)oxolan-2-one 205311-98-4 C6H8F2O2
    5-(1,1-difluoroethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1228699-42-0 C17H22O6
    —— (R)-7-(β-cyanomethyl)-oxepan-2-one 1046202-48-5 C8H11NO2
    (R)-7-(β-cyanomethyl)-oxepan-2-one
    —— 4(R)-methyl-3(R)-(1(S),4-dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 110455-54-4 C12H20O2
    4(R)-methyl-3(R)-(1(S),4-dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (R)-β,β-dimethyl-δ-(2-hexylethynyl)-δ-valerolactone 1429482-72-3 C15H24O2
    (R)-β,β-dimethyl-δ-(2-hexylethynyl)-δ-valerolactone
    —— (+)-8-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydroisocoumarin 126680-93-1 C13H22O3Si
    (+)-8-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydroisocoumarin
    —— 7-Methoxy-7-methyl-3,8-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]decan-4-one 79768-38-0 C10H14O4
    7-Methoxy-7-methyl-3,8-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]decan-4-one
    —— (5-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetyl chloride 74713-20-5 C6H7ClO3
    (5-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetyl chloride
    —— (1S,2R,4R,5R)-2-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl>-4-iodo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one 130595-59-4 C14H25IO3Si
    (1S,2R,4R,5R)-2-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl>-4-iodo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one
    —— (1SR,6RS,7RS,8RS)-(+/-)-7-((1E,3R)-4,4-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-6-oxa-1-octenyl)-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<4,3,0>nonan-3-on 125010-91-5 C17H28O5
    (1SR,6RS,7RS,8RS)-(+/-)-7-((1E,3R)-4,4-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-6-oxa-1-octenyl)-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<4,3,0>nonan-3-on
    —— 4-[(Z)-1-Trimethylsilanyl-pent-3-en-(Z)-ylidene]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one 105638-75-3 C11H18O3Si
    4-[(Z)-1-Trimethylsilanyl-pent-3-en-(Z)-ylidene]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,14R,16S,30S)-15,15,18,28,31,31-hexamethyl-4,11-dioxa-19,20,26,27-tetraazatricyclo[28.1.0.014,16]-hentriaconta-18,27-diene-5,10,21,25-tetraone 1338461-61-2 C31H50N4O6
    (1R,14R,16S,30S)-15,15,18,28,31,31-hexamethyl-4,11-dioxa-19,20,26,27-tetraazatricyclo[28.1.0.014,16]-hentriaconta-18,27-diene-5,10,21,25-tetraone
    —— 4-allyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>-6-octen-3-one 143741-42-8 C10H12O2
    4-allyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>-6-octen-3-one
    —— 7-(methoxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>nonan-2-one 88211-24-9 C10H16O3
    7-(methoxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>nonan-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,4R,5S,6R,9S)-9-Bromo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.02,4]nonan-8-one 83693-69-0 C7H7BrO4
    (1R,2S,4R,5S,6R,9S)-9-Bromo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.02,4]nonan-8-one
    —— Methanesulfonic acid (2R,3R,4S,5S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl ester 871590-13-5 C15H30O6SSi
    Methanesulfonic acid (2R,3R,4S,5S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl ester
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 191152-34-8 C24H32O3Si
    (3S,5R)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one