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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
    —— (Z)-α-(1'-chlorobenzylidene)-β-ethyl-γ-butyrolactone 1019264-87-9 C13H13ClO2
    —— 133545-41-2 C17H24O5
    —— 8a-methyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1-benzopyran-2,6-dione 96700-66-2 C10H12O3
    —— 6(R)-(2-(1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a(S)-Octahydro-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-8(S)-((2(S)-methylbutyryl)oxy)-1(S)-naphthyl)ethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(R)-((tert-butyldimetylsilyl)oxy)-2H-pyran-2-one 85614-05-7 C30H52O5Si
    —— (5S)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one-4,5-d2 135106-73-9 C9H16O2
    —— 2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methyl-7-phenyloxepin-2-one 72350-01-7 C13H14O2
    —— (R)-5-((2R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1063713-68-7 C10H16O4
    —— 8a-benzyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrocyclohexa[c]pyran-3(1H)-one 936836-56-5 C16H18O2
    —— (S)-6-[(1E,3Z,6Z,8E)-(S)-10-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-pentadeca-1,3,6,8-tetraenyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 97579-41-4 C26H44O3Si
    —— (4a<i>S</i>,7<i>R</i>,4'<i>R</i>)-4'-ethyl-1ξ-hydroxy-5'-oxo-(4a<i>r</i>,7a<i>c</i>)-octahydro-spiro[cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]pyran-7,2'-furan]-4<i>t</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester 92730-97-7 C15H22O6
    —— 6(R)-<2-<6(R)-<1(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-3(R)-methyl-4-iodobutyl>-2(S)-methyl-5(R)-hydroxycyclohexyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 126359-49-7 C25H43IO6
    —— 2-thiazolyl δ-lactone 139721-30-5 C8H9NO2S
    —— 864383-30-2 C87H30O15
    —— 5-Hydroxyoxepan-2-one 485817-01-4 C6H10O3
    —— (4R,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-dimethylsilanyloxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 134004-72-1 C27H48O4Si2
    —— 4-(10-bromo-decylidene)-3-(9-bromo-nonyl)-oxetan-2-one 41624-80-0 C22H38Br2O2
    —— (-)-(3R,4R)-acetic acid 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester 893418-49-0 C7H10O5
    —— (3aα,4α,5β,6aα)-(-)-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one 74035-45-3 C9H14O4
    —— α-chloro-γ-isobutyl-γ-butyrolactone 117339-12-5 C8H13ClO2
    —— (4R,6R,10R,12R)-4,10-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-6,12-dipentyl-1,7-dioxacyclododecane-2,8-dione 1106402-17-8 C32H64O6Si2
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy)ethylcyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone 1598377-45-7 C9H12O5
    —— 2',6'-exo-spiro<cyclopentane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8'-en-3'-one> 82660-67-1 C13H16O2
    —— (5R,6R)-4-((2R,5R)-2,5-Dimethyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 103027-08-3 C15H27NO2
    —— (5s,8s)-4-methylene-8-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 1361201-37-7 C16H18O2
    —— 3-Methyl-5-prop-2-ynyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 27850-26-6 C9H12O3
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-di-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-(2-hydroxy)ethylcyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone 1598377-44-6 C21H40O5Si2
    —— hydroxy-(2-oxo-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetic acid 875232-08-9 C13H14O5
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-iodo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 192129-77-4 C24H51IO5Si3
    —— 2-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4-butanolide 134251-72-2 C6H6F4O2
    —— 3-methyl-4-((trimethylsilyl)methylene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 128813-14-9 C9H16O2Si
    —— (3S,3aS,4S,5aS,7R,8S,9bR)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2-oxo-8-triethylsilanyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9b-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-5a-carbonitrile 1354536-42-7 C22H35NO3Si
    —— (4S,5R,6R)-4-[1,3]Dithiolan-2-yl-5,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 66768-55-6 C10H16O2S2
    —— 3-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trimethylsilanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 75388-10-2 C11H22O2Si
    —— (2S,3RS,4RS)-4-((13R)-13-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-13-{(2R,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl-oxy)tridecyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-yl}tridecyl)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl acetate 1262843-02-6 C49H96O7Si2
    —— (7R)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)oxepan-2-one 1218912-86-7 C12H13ClO2
    —— (3S,5S)-(+)-3-acetoxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 138451-77-1 C7H10O5
    —— [4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-cyclopent-(E)-ylidene]-acetic acid methyl ester 128593-82-8 C15H20O4
    —— 2,7-Dioxo-4a-phenyl-perhydrochromen 2613-95-8 C15H16O3
    —— 6-Acetyl-1-methyl-3,9-dioxo-2,10-dioxa-bicyclo<4,4,0>decan 13984-62-8 C11H14O5
    —— 3-Aethyl-5-<3-brom-propyl>-butyrolacton 4525-41-1 C9H15BrO2
    —— 2-(3-Chlorotetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-furanyl)-2-imidazolinium Chloride 90626-08-7 C9H13ClN2O2*ClH
    —— (1S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-1,6-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1,5-carbolactone 1071583-47-5 C19H38O6Si2
    —— 3-Oxa-tricyclo[4.4.4.0<sup>1,6</sup>]tetradecan-4-one 3720-82-9 C13H20O2
    —— Hygrophyllinensaeure-monolacton 3394-39-6 C10H14O5
    —— (1R,5R)-4-prop-2-enyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 103708-52-7 C10H14O2
    —— (1S,5R,6R,7R,3'S)-6-[3-Hydroxy-3-(1,3-dioxa-2-indanyl)-1-propyl]-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo [3,3,0]-octan-3-one 58072-63-2 C17H20O6
    —— (3aR,4R,4aS,7aR,8aR)-4-Iodo-2,2,3a-trimethyl-7-methylene-hexahydro-furo[2',3':4,5]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-6-one 139618-33-0 C13H17IO4
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-hexahydro-4-nitromethyl-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one 53813-09-5 C8H11NO5
    —— 4-[(2R)-6-oxooxan-2-yl]butanal 110720-07-5 C9H14O3
    —— trans-5-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 120094-44-2 C12H18O2