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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (3S,4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-ethoxy-3-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O3
    (3R,4R)-4-ethoxy-3-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-ethoxy-3-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O3
    (3S,4S)-4-ethoxy-3-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-5-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO5
    (3R,4R,5R)-5-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO3
    (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H17NO3
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate —— C7H10O4S
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H13NO4
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H13NO4
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H17NO3
    (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,3aR,6aS)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one —— C7H13N3O3
    (2R,3aR,6aS)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H17NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H7FO3
    (3S,5R)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S)-3-acetyl-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3S)-3-acetyl-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (7S)-7-acetyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (7S)-7-acetyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5S)-1-acetyl-5-ethenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C9H10O3
    (1S,5S)-1-acetyl-5-ethenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-acetyl-3-ethynyloxolan-2-one —— C8H8O3
    (3S)-3-acetyl-3-ethynyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-acetyl-3-ethynyloxolan-2-one —— C8H8O3
    (3R)-3-acetyl-3-ethynyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3R,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-acetyloxan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (6S)-6-acetyloxan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde —— C8H12O3
    (3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (2R)-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde —— C8H12O3
    (2R)-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O5
    (3R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,5S,6S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carbaldehyde —— C7H8O3
    (1R,5S,6S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carbaldehyde
    —— (2R,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (2R,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,6R)-6-ethyl-3-ethylideneoxan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3Z,6R)-6-ethyl-3-ethylideneoxan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (1R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (3R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3Z,6S)-6-ethyl-3-ethylideneoxan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3Z,6S)-6-ethyl-3-ethylideneoxan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride —— C6H6Cl2O3
    (2S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carbonyl chloride —— C9H11ClO3
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carbonyl chloride
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carbonyl chloride —— C9H11ClO3
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2S,3S)-3-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride —— C6H7ClO3
    (2S,3S)-3-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (2R)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride —— C6H6Cl2O3
    (2R)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1R,5S,8R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-8-carbonyl chloride —— C8H7ClO3
    (1R,5S,8R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-8-carbonyl chloride
    —— (3R)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxan-2-one —— C7H7F3O3
    (3R)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H4ClF3O3
    (3S)-3-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-3,3-difluoro-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C7H10F2O2
    (4S)-3,3-difluoro-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(9Z)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    [(9Z)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 3-aminopropyl (2R)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C8H13NO4
    3-aminopropyl (2R)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-aminoethyl (2S)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C7H11NO4
    2-aminoethyl (2S)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-8-tert-butyl-3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C14H24O2
    (3R)-8-tert-butyl-3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S,9S)-3,7,7,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C13H22O2
    (3S,5S,9S)-3,7,7,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one