内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-[(E)-3,3-dimethylbut-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 121225-02-3 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (3aS,5aS,5bR,7aR,11aS,11bS,13aR)-3-Hydroxy-3,11a-dimethyl-hexadecahydro-2-oxa-pentaleno[1,6a-a]phenanthren-1-one | 79399-86-3 | C21H32O3 |
| —— | 1001435-25-1 | C15H24O4 | |
| —— | 2-(bromomethyl)-2-tert-butyl-6-deuterio-6-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-one | 143669-12-9 | C10H17BrO3 |
| —— | 5-(2-bromo-ethyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 98272-98-1 | C7H11BrO2 |
| —— | Chinid | 640-06-2 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | 4-Methylen-2-oxaspiro<4.4>-6-nonen-1-on | 59253-95-1 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | 2-Isopropyliden-3-methyl-γ-butyrolacton | 51552-37-5 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 56151-00-9 | C12H16O4Si | |
| —— | 2,5,5-Trimethyl-2-(1-phenylethylidenaminooxy)-1,3-dioxolan-4-on | 57865-58-4 | C14H17NO4 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-acetoxy-5-<(diphenyl-t-butylsilyloxy)methyl>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 92512-37-3 | C23H28O5Si |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-ethynyl-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 1266119-60-1 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | (S)-((E)-4-Hept-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 95796-07-9 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (1R,3R,5S)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 1242309-61-0 | C12H22O3Si |
| —— | (4aS,7aR)-3-[1-Methoxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one | 54133-81-2 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 1-O-ethoxycarbonylquinide | 78579-43-8 | C10H14O7 |
| —— | (3-Oxo-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester | 138971-78-5 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | methyl (1R,4S,7S,8R,9S)-9-formyl-7-hydroxy-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridecane-4-carboxylate | 457622-27-4 | C16H22O6 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(thiophen-3-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1300698-97-8 | C9H9BrO2S |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,6R<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-6-n-propyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 114431-79-7 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | Tetrahydroovatodiolid | 62854-04-0 | C20H28O4 |
| —— | (3aα,4α,4aβ,5β,7aα,8α,9aβ)-3a,4,4a,5,7a,8,9,9a-Octahydro-4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-5-(phenylmethoxy)azuleno<6,5-b>-furan-2(3H)-one | 71686-37-8 | C21H26O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Hexyl-3,4-dimethyl-oxetan-2-one | 126486-01-9 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,7S)-1,7-Bis-hydroxymethyl-8,9-dimethoxy-4,10-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione | 87521-78-6 | C12H14O8 |
| —— | (1S,2R,5S,6S,7R)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-8-en-3-one | 1450753-27-1 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (4aR,8aR)-4-oxo-2-trifluoromethyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H,5H-chromen-4a-yl ester | 67791-50-8 | C12H13F3O4 |
| —— | 4-tert-Butyl-3-[1-iodo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-oxetan-2-one | 178173-78-9 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-(1-Chloro-cycloheptyl)-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 60427-73-8 | C14H19ClO4 |
| —— | (1S,8R)-10-Methylene-12-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.2.01,6]tridec-6-en-13-one | 118496-31-4 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 5-(1-Iodopropyl)oxolan-2-one | 1043926-13-1 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | (1S,8R)-10-Methylene-12-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.2.02,7]tridec-2(7)-en-13-one | 118496-29-0 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (1S,5R)-3-Methylene-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-8-en-7-one | 118496-26-7 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (αR,5S,6R)-N-(α-methylbenzyl)-6-difluoromethyl-5-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5,6-dihydro-4-pyridone | 160711-66-0 | C20H29F2NO2Si |
| —— | 5-ethyl-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 54491-09-7 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 7-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro<2.4>heptan-5-one | 126091-80-3 | C6H8O3 |
| —— | (S)-6-[(1S,2R)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 88235-44-3 | C14H28O4Si |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-[(E)-(1R,2S,5R,6S)-5,7-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-hept-3-enyl]-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 130740-40-8 | C28H56O5Si2 |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-phenylaethinyl-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-1-lacton | 112298-87-0 | C18H20O2 |
| —— | rel-(1S,3aS,7S,7aR)-1,1-dimethylethyl 1,2,3,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7,7a-dimethyl-9-oxo-7,3a-(epoxymethano)-3aH-indene-1-acetate | 114837-78-4 | C18H26O4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,5R)-2-((3aS,7aR)-4,4-Dimethyl-3,5-dioxo-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxa-cyclopropa[c]inden-1a-yl)-6-methyl-7-oxo-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 25633-28-7 | C22H26O6 |
| —— | Acetic acid 2,6-dimethyl-6-[3-(2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propyl]-cyclohex-2-enylmethyl ester | 70447-93-7 | C19H30O4 |
| —— | (3aR,7aS)-6-Methyl-7-((E)-pent-3-enyl)-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-2-one | 93248-71-6 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 6a-(3,3-Dimethoxy-prop-1-ynyl)-3-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 52936-44-4 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-4,4-diphenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 52398-44-4 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-6-chloro-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,3-carbolactone | 863983-57-7 | C7H9ClO5 |
| —— | (S)-(-)-2-allyl-5-pentanolide | 73746-81-3 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S)-4-hydroxymethyl-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-3-en-8-one | 138034-54-5 | C25H30O4Si |
| —— | (1R,5R)-5-methyl-9-oxabicyclo[3.3.2]dec-7-en-10-one | 1610918-09-6 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4S,6aS)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-ylmethyl ester | 43119-33-1 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 2-oxo-4,5-dipropyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 36603-21-1 | C11H17NO2 |
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