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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4(S),5(R)-dihydroxy-4,6(R)-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 476468-31-2 C7H12O4
    4(S),5(R)-dihydroxy-4,6(R)-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— Methyl-alpha-picrotoxinate 21412-42-0 C16H20O7
    Methyl-alpha-picrotoxinate
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(R)-1-hydroxyallyl]-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1286756-29-3 C8H11NO5
    (4R,5R)-5-[(R)-1-hydroxyallyl]-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— Sceleranecinsaeure 6882-91-3 C10H14O5
    Sceleranecinsaeure
    —— (2R,2'R,3R,3'R)-3,3'-bis(nitromethyl)tetrahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione 1286756-36-2 C10H12N2O8
    (2R,2'R,3R,3'R)-3,3'-bis(nitromethyl)tetrahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3-methyl-5-tridecyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 897657-58-8 C22H42O2S3
    (3S,4S,5R)-3-methyl-5-tridecyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-decyl-4-(4-(3-methyl(pent-4-ynyl)aminopropylsylfonyl)butyl)oxetan-2-one 1351669-42-5 C26H47NO4S
    (3S,4S)-3-decyl-4-(4-(3-methyl(pent-4-ynyl)aminopropylsylfonyl)butyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 2-Hydroxyadipinsaeurelacton 4437-40-5 C6H8O4
    2-Hydroxyadipinsaeurelacton
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 281208-53-5 C11H19NO2
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 9-(3-bromophenyl)-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one 1403890-69-6 C13H13BrO4
    9-(3-bromophenyl)-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one
    —— (3aS,3bS,6aS,7aS)-7a-(Bis-methylsulfanyl-methyl)-7-methyl-octahydro-cyclopenta[1,2-c;3,4-c']difuran-1-one 143158-94-5 C13H20O3S2
    (3aS,3bS,6aS,7aS)-7a-(Bis-methylsulfanyl-methyl)-7-methyl-octahydro-cyclopenta[1,2-c;3,4-c']difuran-1-one
    —— (R)-4-Methoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 137008-54-9 C5H8O3
    (R)-4-Methoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-Methylene-3-<1'-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-oxocyclohexyl>propanoic Acid Lactone 128243-23-2 C11H14O3
    2-Methylene-3-<1'-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-oxocyclohexyl>propanoic Acid Lactone
    —— (S)-(-)-2-methyl-2-(2,2-ethylenedithioethyl)-4-butanolide 226249-50-9 C9H14O2S2
    (S)-(-)-2-methyl-2-(2,2-ethylenedithioethyl)-4-butanolide
    —— (R)-(-)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-4-butanolide 226249-52-1 C7H12O2
    (R)-(-)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-4-butanolide
    —— (4R,5R)-5-n-butynyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1215224-19-3 C9H12O2
    (4R,5R)-5-n-butynyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4S,5R)-4-(bromomethyl)-5-butyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 791630-18-7 C9H15BrO2
    (4S,5R)-4-(bromomethyl)-5-butyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-butyl-4-(carboxymethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 877454-89-2 C10H16O4
    (4S,5S)-5-butyl-4-(carboxymethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4R,5R)-5-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 791630-17-6 C9H16O3
    (4R,5R)-5-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S,5S)-(+)-5-(but-1-ynyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydo-2-(3H)-furanone 1215224-29-5 C9H12O2
    (4S,5S)-(+)-5-(but-1-ynyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydo-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-Methyl-4-[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione 125101-18-0 C12H10O3
    5-Methyl-4-[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— 3-methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)heptyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1321200-00-3 C19H38O4Si
    3-methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)heptyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,3aR,8aS,8bS)-3-ethoxy-3a,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydrofuro[3,4-d]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoxazol-1(3H)-one 869809-08-5 C10H15NO4
    (3R,3aR,8aS,8bS)-3-ethoxy-3a,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydrofuro[3,4-d]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoxazol-1(3H)-one
    —— 2-oxabicyclo[4.5.0]undecan-3-one 4441-65-0 C10H16O2
    2-oxabicyclo[4.5.0]undecan-3-one
    —— 5-Benzyl-6-methyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 109277-35-2 C13H14O3
    5-Benzyl-6-methyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S,6S)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 908142-52-9 C6H8O2
    (1R,5S,6S)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 312910-86-4 C6H8O2
    (1S,5R,6R)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— delta-Methylsulfonyl-gamma-valerolactone 24885-63-0 C6H10O4S
    delta-Methylsulfonyl-gamma-valerolactone
    —— (4aR,5R,6S,7R,7aR)-hexahydro-5,6-epoxy-7-methylcyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one 1206128-27-9 C9H12O3
    (4aR,5R,6S,7R,7aR)-hexahydro-5,6-epoxy-7-methylcyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one
    —— (6R,4'S,5'R)-6-(2',2'-dimethyl-5'-phenyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-pyran-2-one 216769-26-5 C16H20O4
    (6R,4'S,5'R)-6-(2',2'-dimethyl-5'-phenyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-Isopropyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 92687-13-3 C8H12O3
    6-Isopropyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (E)-6-(prop-1-en-1-yl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 57012-09-6 C8H10O3
    (E)-6-(prop-1-en-1-yl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— 8-(R,S)-pentyloxocan-2-one 163886-29-1 C12H22O2
    8-(R,S)-pentyloxocan-2-one
    —— 2,3,7,8,4',8'-Hexahydro-2,7-dimethyl-4H,5H-pyrano-<4,3-b>-pyran-4,5-dion 27424-79-9 C10H14O4
    2,3,7,8,4',8'-Hexahydro-2,7-dimethyl-4H,5H-pyrano-<4,3-b>-pyran-4,5-dion
    —— <4R-<4α(2E,4E),4aβ,7α(2S*,3E,5E),8β,8aβ>>-5-<hexahydro-7-<7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-3,5-heptadienyl>-4a,8-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-2H,5H-pyrano<3,4-e>-1,3-oxazin-4-yl>-4-methyl-2,4-pentadienal 152453-85-5 C29H45NO7Si
    <4R-<4α(2E,4E),4aβ,7α(2S*,3E,5E),8β,8aβ>>-5-<hexahydro-7-<7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-3,5-heptadienyl>-4a,8-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-2H,5H-pyrano<3,4-e>-1,3-oxazin-4-yl>-4-methyl-2,4-pentadienal
    —— (3R,4R)-multiplolide A 1025436-25-2 C10H14O5
    (3R,4R)-multiplolide A
    —— (5R,6R)-5,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylselenylmethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 880766-71-2 C14H18O2Se
    (5R,6R)-5,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylselenylmethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— <4R-<4α(2E,4E),4aβ,7α(2S*,3E,5E),8β,8aβ>>-5-<hexahydro-7-<7-chloro-5-methyl-2-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-3,5-heptadienyl>-4a,8-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-2H,5H-pyrano<3,4-e>-1,3-oxazin-4-yl>-4-methyl-2,4-pentadienal 152453-86-6 C29H44ClNO6Si
    <4R-<4α(2E,4E),4aβ,7α(2S*,3E,5E),8β,8aβ>>-5-<hexahydro-7-<7-chloro-5-methyl-2-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-3,5-heptadienyl>-4a,8-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-2H,5H-pyrano<3,4-e>-1,3-oxazin-4-yl>-4-methyl-2,4-pentadienal
    —— 3-Aethylthiobutanolid-4 42435-67-6 C6H10O2S
    3-Aethylthiobutanolid-4
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 158094-94-1 C9H16O4
    4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— jasmolactone 68959-28-4 C11H18O2
    jasmolactone
    —— (2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>b</i>]furan-10b-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester 7478-62-8 C16H18O4
    (2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>b</i>]furan-10b-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— trans-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-4-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone 112423-34-4 C10H16O2
    trans-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-4-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-phenyl-6(E)-(iodomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone 99512-29-5 C12H11IO2
    5-phenyl-6(E)-(iodomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— 4-methyl-4-propyldihydrofuran-2-one 80348-90-9 C8H14O2
    4-methyl-4-propyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-ethyl-5-hexyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 55229-27-1 C12H22O2
    3-ethyl-5-hexyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 7-pentyloxepan-2-one 115453-70-8 C11H20O2
    7-pentyloxepan-2-one
    —— 5,5-difluorooxepan-2-one 35196-95-3 C6H8F2O2
    5,5-difluorooxepan-2-one
    —— prelactone E 202072-84-2 C8H14O3
    prelactone E
    —— ((3R,4S)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 137172-56-6 C10H17NO4
    ((3R,4S)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester