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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 8-acetyl-3,3,4b,6a,8,10b,12a-heptamethylspiro[2,4,4a,5,6,9,10,10a,11,12-decahydro-1H-chrysene-7,4'-oxetane]-2',3'-dione —— C29H44O4
    8-acetyl-3,3,4b,6a,8,10b,12a-heptamethylspiro[2,4,4a,5,6,9,10,10a,11,12-decahydro-1H-chrysene-7,4'-oxetane]-2',3'-dione
    —— Dihydrorubrenolid 36690-59-2 C17H32O4
    Dihydrorubrenolid
    —— 5-butyl-3-oxo-3-tridecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O6P
    5-butyl-3-oxo-3-tridecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— Methyl 15-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5,7,10,14,14-hexamethyl-8,18-dioxo-19-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadeca-3,6-diene-9-carboxylate —— C27H36O7
    Methyl 15-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5,7,10,14,14-hexamethyl-8,18-dioxo-19-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadeca-3,6-diene-9-carboxylate
    —— 14-Hydroxy-6,11,11,18,19-pentamethyl-25-methylidene-3,10,12,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[20.5.2.01,19.02,4.05,18.06,15.09,14.022,27]nonacosan-29-one —— C31H44O6
    14-Hydroxy-6,11,11,18,19-pentamethyl-25-methylidene-3,10,12,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[20.5.2.01,19.02,4.05,18.06,15.09,14.022,27]nonacosan-29-one
    —— 3,5a-Dihydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H,3H,5aH-3a,8b-methanoindeno[4,5-c]furan-4-carbaldehyde 109883-99-0 C15H18O5
    3,5a-Dihydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H,3H,5aH-3a,8b-methanoindeno[4,5-c]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— 7a-Hydroxy-4-prop-2-enylidene-1,4a-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3,5-dione —— C11H10O4
    7a-Hydroxy-4-prop-2-enylidene-1,4a-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3,5-dione
    —— (12-Hydroxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-5-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl) acetate —— C17H26O5
    (12-Hydroxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-5-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl) acetate
    —— 5,9-Dimethyl-1-oxacycloundeca-5,9-dien-2-one —— C12H18O2
    5,9-Dimethyl-1-oxacycloundeca-5,9-dien-2-one
    —— 5-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C20H26N2O4S
    5-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— Dihydropsilostachyin 29260-37-5 C15H22O5
    Dihydropsilostachyin
    —— 5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadec-13-en-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one —— C24H36O3
    5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadec-13-en-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one
    —— (10-Methyl-11-oxo-4,12-dioxapentacyclo[7.7.0.01,6.02,13.010,15]hexadec-2-en-5-yl) 3-methylbutanoate —— C20H26O5
    (10-Methyl-11-oxo-4,12-dioxapentacyclo[7.7.0.01,6.02,13.010,15]hexadec-2-en-5-yl) 3-methylbutanoate
    —— 7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-pent-4-enyl-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C19H28O2
    7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-pent-4-enyl-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 8,12-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione —— C29H38O6
    8,12-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione
    —— Anhydroivaxillarin 14026-87-0 C15H16O3
    Anhydroivaxillarin
    —— 5-Hydroxy-3-tetradecylideneoxan-2-one —— C19H34O3
    5-Hydroxy-3-tetradecylideneoxan-2-one
    —— 2-Oxo-5-pent-3-enyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    2-Oxo-5-pent-3-enyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H17ClO5
    5-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3-dione 6917-83-5 C6H8O6
    4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3-dione
    —— 3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,4,7-trione —— C15H16O4
    3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,4,7-trione
    —— 7-methyl-4-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclonona[c]pyran-11-carbaldehyde —— C20H28O3
    7-methyl-4-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclonona[c]pyran-11-carbaldehyde
    —— [9a-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,4a,10,10a-tetrahydro-3aH-furo[3,2-h][3]benzoxepin-5-yl]methyl 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    [9a-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,4a,10,10a-tetrahydro-3aH-furo[3,2-h][3]benzoxepin-5-yl]methyl 2-methylpropanoate
    —— (+/-)-Vernolepin 59598-29-7 C15H16O5
    (+/-)-Vernolepin
    —— 9-Hydroxy-3,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-13-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridec-2-en-12-one —— C15H20O3
    9-Hydroxy-3,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-13-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridec-2-en-12-one
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C20H24O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-6-(prop-2'-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C10H18O2
    3,5-dimethyl-6-(prop-2'-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    4-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 7-Methyl-11-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C13H18O2
    7-Methyl-11-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-6,6a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C9H12O5
    4-hydroxy-6,6a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (9-hydroperoxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H22O6
    (9-hydroperoxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undec-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde —— C20H30O3
    6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undec-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylidenespiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione 69749-00-4 C20H20O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylidenespiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-[4-methyl-7-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)hepta-1,4-dienyl]-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H26O5
    4-hydroxy-3-[4-methyl-7-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)hepta-1,4-dienyl]-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 8,9,12-Trihydroxy-6,14,15,21,22-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one —— C29H42O6
    8,9,12-Trihydroxy-6,14,15,21,22-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one
    —— dihydro-3-hydroxy4-methylfuran-2(3H)-one 4386-18-9 C5H8O3
    dihydro-3-hydroxy4-methylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-[3-(Aminomethylidene)-4-hydroxy-2-oxooxan-4-yl]but-3-enal 56050-08-9 C10H13NO4
    2-[3-(Aminomethylidene)-4-hydroxy-2-oxooxan-4-yl]but-3-enal
    —— 9,11-Dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,12(15)-diene-4,13-dione 100760-63-2 C15H16O6
    9,11-Dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,12(15)-diene-4,13-dione
    —— 5-octyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 65652-03-1 C13H22O4
    5-octyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 8a-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-5,6,7,8b-tetrahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C19H22O6
    8a-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-5,6,7,8b-tetrahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-5-(12-phenyldodecyl)oxolan-2-one —— C24H38O2
    3,5-Dimethyl-5-(12-phenyldodecyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-enyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C25H46O3
    4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-enyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (9-Hydroxy-1-methyl-6,10-dimethylidene-5,13-dioxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.03,7]tetradec-11-en-8-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O7
    (9-Hydroxy-1-methyl-6,10-dimethylidene-5,13-dioxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.03,7]tetradec-11-en-8-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-methylidene-5-tritetracontyloxolan-2-one —— C49H94O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-methylidene-5-tritetracontyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C22H28O4Si
    6-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H16O4
    8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 7-Methyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C8H12O3
    7-Methyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— 7-Hydroxy-14-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one —— C20H28O5
    7-Hydroxy-14-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one
    —— (9-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-7-en-14-yl) acetate —— C22H32O6
    (9-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-7-en-14-yl) acetate
    —— methyl 1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-4-carboxylate —— C12H16O5
    methyl 1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-4-carboxylate