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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethanethial —— C6H8O2S
    2-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethanethial
    —— 3-Methyloxane-2,4,6-trione —— C6H6O4
    3-Methyloxane-2,4,6-trione
    —— (5R)-4-ethoxy-5-[(1S)-1-[(1S)-1-[(2R)-3-ethoxy-4,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethoxy]-2-hydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C16H22O11
    (5R)-4-ethoxy-5-[(1S)-1-[(1S)-1-[(2R)-3-ethoxy-4,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethoxy]-2-hydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C6H10O4
    3,4-dihydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]oxan-2-one —— C12H12O3
    6-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]oxan-2-one
    —— 5-Amino-3-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H11NO3
    5-Amino-3-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— N-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxamide —— C14H17NO3
    N-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxamide
    —— 4-ethyl-6-[(3Z)-4-(7-ethylcyclohepten-1-yl)-3-methylbuta-1,3-dien-2-yl]-8-hydroxy-4-(1-methoxyethoxy)-8,9,10,10a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-d]azocin-3-one —— C29H43NO5
    4-ethyl-6-[(3Z)-4-(7-ethylcyclohepten-1-yl)-3-methylbuta-1,3-dien-2-yl]-8-hydroxy-4-(1-methoxyethoxy)-8,9,10,10a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-d]azocin-3-one
    —— (5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-octadeca-9,12-dien-4-yloxyethyl]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C24H40O6
    (5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-octadeca-9,12-dien-4-yloxyethyl]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 1,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;ethane —— C11H22O2
    1,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;ethane
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-heptoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H22O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-heptoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[2-hexadecoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C28H52O10
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[2-hexadecoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-[(2,4-Diethylcyclopentyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one;5-[3-(2,4-diethylcyclopentyl)propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C30H52O4
    5-[(2,4-Diethylcyclopentyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one;5-[3-(2,4-diethylcyclopentyl)propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(7-Oxooxepan-2-yl)-1,4-dioxepan-5-one —— C11H16O5
    6-(7-Oxooxepan-2-yl)-1,4-dioxepan-5-one
    —— 8-Methyl-1,2,5,8,9,10-hexahydrocyclopenta[d]oxonin-4-one —— C12H16O2
    8-Methyl-1,2,5,8,9,10-hexahydrocyclopenta[d]oxonin-4-one
    —— 8-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione —— C19H21F3O3
    8-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione
    —— (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C24H40O4
    (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— 9,9-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo<3.3.1>nonan 132216-31-0 C10H16O2
    9,9-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo<3.3.1>nonan
    —— tert-butyl N-[3-methyl-1-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]pent-4-enyl]carbamate —— C15H25NO4
    tert-butyl N-[3-methyl-1-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]pent-4-enyl]carbamate
    —— [4-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [4-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [1-(4-Butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [1-(4-Butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3S,4S)-3,4-dihexyloxetan-2-one —— C15H28O2
    (3S,4S)-3,4-dihexyloxetan-2-one
    —— (6-Oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[5.3.0.02,10.04,8]decan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C15H20O4
    (6-Oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[5.3.0.02,10.04,8]decan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5R)-5-cyclohexyl-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroperoxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C12H18O7
    (5R)-5-cyclohexyl-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroperoxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 2-Cyano-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C6H5NO4
    2-Cyano-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Ethane;4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C10H18O2
    Ethane;4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,5,5-trimethylheptanoate —— C24H40O4
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,5,5-trimethylheptanoate
    —— 4-[Hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H12O4
    4-[Hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (2,5-dihydroxypyrrol-1-yl) [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] carbonate —— C9H9NO7
    (2,5-dihydroxypyrrol-1-yl) [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] carbonate
    —— 2-C-Methylribonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    2-C-Methylribonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— (3aR,4R,5R)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H25BO4P2
    (3aR,4R,5R)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (8-Methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C23H38O4
    (8-Methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— 3-[2-(2-Oxooxan-4-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C12H18O4
    3-[2-(2-Oxooxan-4-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloxepan-2-one —— C8H14O4
    (3S,4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S,6S)-5-bromo-3-tert-butyl-6-fluoro-6-methyloxan-2-one —— C10H16BrFO2
    (3R,5S,6S)-5-bromo-3-tert-butyl-6-fluoro-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— Ethyl 3-cyclopentylsulfanyl-2-(cyclopentylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C18H26O5S2
    Ethyl 3-cyclopentylsulfanyl-2-(cyclopentylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 5,7-Dioxo-6-oxatetracyclo[6.5.2.04,15.011,14]pentadecane-2-sulfonic acid —— C14H18O6S
    5,7-Dioxo-6-oxatetracyclo[6.5.2.04,15.011,14]pentadecane-2-sulfonic acid
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-(3-methylbut-1-en-2-yloxy)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H16O6
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-(3-methylbut-1-en-2-yloxy)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O5
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-(2-But-3-enyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H14O6
    5-(2-But-3-enyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— N-benzyl-2-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)acetamide —— C18H25NO3
    N-benzyl-2-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)acetamide
    —— 4-(2,2-Difluoroethylimino)oxolan-2-one —— C6H7F2NO2
    4-(2,2-Difluoroethylimino)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(4'-Fluorphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dion 75959-50-1 C15H17FO3
    6-(4'-Fluorphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dion
    —— 3,5a-Dimethyl-2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)spiro[1,1a,1b,2,3,4,5,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[a]indene-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C19H28O2
    3,5a-Dimethyl-2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)spiro[1,1a,1b,2,3,4,5,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[a]indene-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;oxolan-2-one;(5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)propan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C39H64O14
    (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;oxolan-2-one;(5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)propan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 3-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one —— C22H22BrFO2
    3-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one
    —— 4-(furan-2-yl)-7-(furan-2-ylmethylidene)-4a,8a-dihydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyran-2,3-dione —— C17H12O6
    4-(furan-2-yl)-7-(furan-2-ylmethylidene)-4a,8a-dihydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyran-2,3-dione
    —— 5-(2-But-3-ynyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H12O6
    5-(2-But-3-ynyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 8-Methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,5-dione —— C10H14O4
    8-Methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,5-dione
    —— (3R,5R,6R)-3,5,6-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C8H12O3
    (3R,5R,6R)-3,5,6-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione