内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 8-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo<4.2.2.0<sup>3,8</sup>>decan-5-one | 134834-49-4 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 3,5-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone | 78138-34-8 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | 4-(propan-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)oxetan-2-one | 108616-03-1 | C7H12O2S |
| —— | 3-Methylene-6-vinyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 65461-09-8 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | rac-acetoxy((3aR,6S,6aS)-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-6-yl)mercury | 82323-01-1 | C9H12HgO4 |
| —— | (+)-(3R,3aS,6R,6aR)-3-hydroxy-6-iodo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 213678-80-9 | C7H9IO3 |
| —— | α-hydroxy-γ-butyl-γ-butyrolactone | 117339-14-7 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 1193397-52-2 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (6R,8R)-6-iodo-8-propyloxocan-2-one | 945772-75-8 | C10H17IO2 |
| —— | (2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)zinc(II) bromide | 109756-09-4 | C4H5BrO2Zn |
| —— | 3-Methyl-cyclohexan-cis-diol-(2,5)-carbonsaeurelacton | 90482-32-9 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | trans-5-(5-Chloro-3-pentenyl)-5-pentanolide | 152667-87-3 | C10H15ClO2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-Allyl-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 869210-34-4 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (1R,5S,7R)-1,4-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>nonan-3-one | 157327-84-9 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 4-Methoxymethyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66873-56-1 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl)-2-propiolactone | 1044747-40-1 | C8H5F9O2 |
| —— | 915396-28-0 | C12H14O7 | |
| —— | (2aS,4S,5R,5aR,8aR,8bR)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6,6,8b-trimethyl-3-methylene-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 103769-34-2 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | 4,4-Dihydroxy-2-octyl-buttersaeure-lacton | 3601-58-9 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | 3-hexyl-3-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-90-4 | C16H30O3 |
| —— | ethyl-ethylidene-succinic acid-anhydride | 121778-44-7 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | exo-2-Methyl-exo,exo-8,9-(isopropylidenedioxy)-4-oxa-cis-bicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-3-one | 86046-55-1 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3-(2-phenylethyl)-5-trimethylsilyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)cyclohexanone | 142944-76-1 | C20H34OSiSn |
| —— | (3S)-3-[(4S,9S)-4,9-dimethyl-2,11-dioxa-5,8-diaza-1lambda5-phosphatricyclo[6.3.0.01,5]undecan-1-yl]-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 128471-03-4 | C14H25N2O5P |
| —— | (1R,7R,12S,14R)-7-(furan-3-yl)-12-(methoxymethoxy)-9-methyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,8]heptadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-5,15-dione | 1538596-74-5 | C22H22O7 |
| —— | [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3-methylbut-3-enoate | 79902-54-8 | C24H34O5 |
| —— | 5-methyl-5-(1-semicarbazono-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 30246-18-5 | C8H13N3O3 |
| —— | 3-Mercapto-3,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 118534-90-0 | C7H12O2S |
| —— | (Z)-3-(1-chloroethylidene)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1392486-15-5 | C12H11ClO2 |
| —— | 17-(4-chlorophenyl)-16-oxadispiro[5.1.6.3]heptadecane-7,15-dione | 1220995-63-0 | C22H27ClO3 |
| —— | (5S,6S,8R,9R)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,4,8-trimethoxy-9-methyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one | 70728-54-0 | C20H36O6Si |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-Methyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde | 56175-70-3 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | 2-bromomethyl-2-carbomethoxy-11,11-dimethyl-6-methoxy-5-oxatricyclo<7,3,0,03,7>dodec-8-en-4-one | 77645-58-0 | C17H23BrO5 |
| —— | 4-methylene-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 412300-70-0 | C20H34O4 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-(cyclohexylmethyl)dihydro-3,3-dimethyl- | 104222-97-1 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-3,3-Dimethyl-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]isoxazol-5-one | 102341-91-3 | C15H19NO3 |
| —— | 2,7-di-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-D-glycero-D-gulo-heptono-1,4-lactone | 129415-29-8 | C39H48O7Si2 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-3-Azido-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 213458-03-8 | C18H37N3O5Si2 |
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-5-methoxycarbonyl-2-propyliden-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane | 138972-42-6 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (S)-7-isopropyl-10-methyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-7,9-diene-2,6-dione | 1399009-57-4 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 8a-methyl-3'-methylidenespiro[3,4,4a,5,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-6,5'-oxolane]-1,2'-dione | 65495-09-2 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 2-bromo-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2-deoxy-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone | 142329-64-4 | C11H21BrO4Si |
| —— | (2S,4R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbaldehyde | 88218-41-1 | C6H8O3 |
| —— | 1224633-01-5 | C22H40O4Si | |
| —— | [(1'S,4S,5'S,6'R,10'S,11'S,12'S,13'R)-13'-hydroxy-2,2,11',15',18',18'-hexamethyl-3'-oxo-10'-phenylmethoxyspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,7'-2,4-dioxatetracyclo[12.3.1.01,5.06,11]octadeca-8,14-diene]-12'-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate | 155899-03-9 | C41H52O11 |
| —— | 3-[(1R,5R,8R)-8-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-1-yl]propanal | 85585-60-0 | C10H11IO3 |
| —— | 3,3'-(Bicyclo<5.1.0>oct-8-yliden)bis<4-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanon> | 113087-61-9 | C16H18O6 |
| —— | (1R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-O,O'-isopropylidene quinide acetate | 42566-78-9 | C12H16O6 |
| —— | N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide | 942891-41-0 | C13H22N2O3S |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 122756-91-6 | C14H18O3 |
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