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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl N-[5-[[6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-fluorophenyl]ethyl]-2,4-dioxooxan-3-yl]methyl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]carbamate —— C25H27F3N2O6
    methyl N-[5-[[6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-fluorophenyl]ethyl]-2,4-dioxooxan-3-yl]methyl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]carbamate
    —— 8-[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxyoct-2-enal —— C14H20O7
    8-[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxyoct-2-enal
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O5
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-benzyl-furan-2,4-dione —— C11H10O3
    5-benzyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[4-[(4-Methyl-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]phenyl]acetic acid —— C14H14O5
    2-[4-[(4-Methyl-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]phenyl]acetic acid
    —— 7-Butoxy-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione —— C22H30O4
    7-Butoxy-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione
    —— (3aR,4R)-5-ethoxy-4-(3-ethoxyoct-1-enyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C19H32O4
    (3aR,4R)-5-ethoxy-4-(3-ethoxyoct-1-enyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— Ethane;3-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H18O3
    Ethane;3-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-2-enoate —— C8H10O4
    Methyl 2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-2-enoate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S)-3-(hydroxymethoxymethoxyimino)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C25H37NO8
    [(1S,7S,8S)-3-(hydroxymethoxymethoxyimino)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[4-(2-methyl-4-oxohex-5-enyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]pent-3-enal —— C17H24O5
    2-Methoxy-5-[4-(2-methyl-4-oxohex-5-enyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]pent-3-enal
    —— (5R)-4-decoxy-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C16H28O6
    (5R)-4-decoxy-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 4-Ethyl-5-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O3
    4-Ethyl-5-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(5-phenylpent-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O3
    (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(5-phenylpent-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4aS)-5-[2-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]ethyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-2-oxo-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde —— C20H26O5
    (1R,4aS)-5-[2-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]ethyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-2-oxo-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde
    —— N-[4-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclobut-2-yn-1-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H20FNO3
    N-[4-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclobut-2-yn-1-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-4-deuterio-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-4-deuterio-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.04,8]decan-6-one —— C14H22O2
    2-Tert-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.04,8]decan-6-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-10',14'-dimethylspiro[oxolane-5,15'-pentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.014,18]octadeca-4,11-diene]-2,7'-dione —— C23H28O3
    (5R)-10',14'-dimethylspiro[oxolane-5,15'-pentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.014,18]octadeca-4,11-diene]-2,7'-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(1,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C12H20O8
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(1,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— [(Z)-4-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C11H19N3O2S
    (2E)-2-[1-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— [(Z)-4-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(2-oxo-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C13H23N3O2S
    (2E)-2-[1-(2-oxo-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— tert-butyl N-[(1S)-3-methyl-1-(5-oxo-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-yl)butyl]carbamate —— C17H29NO4
    tert-butyl N-[(1S)-3-methyl-1-(5-oxo-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-yl)butyl]carbamate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-trimethylsilyl-1-trimethylsilyloxyethyl]-5-trimethylsilyl-4-trimethylsilyloxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C18H40O6Si4
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-trimethylsilyl-1-trimethylsilyloxyethyl]-5-trimethylsilyl-4-trimethylsilyloxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— [4,4-difluoro-1-[(4R)-2-oxo-5-phosphanyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]octan-3-yl]oxy-dimethylsilanylium —— C17H30F2O4PSi+
    [4,4-difluoro-1-[(4R)-2-oxo-5-phosphanyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]octan-3-yl]oxy-dimethylsilanylium
    —— 5-Methoxy-4-(propan-2-ylamino)oxolan-2-one —— C16H30N2O6
    5-Methoxy-4-(propan-2-ylamino)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C8H12O5
    4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R)-1-hydroxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadeca-2,13-dien-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C20H26O6
    [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R)-1-hydroxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadeca-2,13-dien-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 6-Cyclopentyl-6-(2-cyclopentylethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C17H26O3
    6-Cyclopentyl-6-(2-cyclopentylethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (3S,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 3,4-Ditert-butyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O2
    3,4-Ditert-butyloxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Methylpropane;oxan-2-one —— C9H18O2
    2-Methylpropane;oxan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C20H29BrO2
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Propylsulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O2S
    3-Propylsulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aS,6aS)-3,3-dimethyl-5-methylidene-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-1-one —— C10H14O2
    (3aS,6aS)-3,3-dimethyl-5-methylidene-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— Ethane;3-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C13H22O2
    Ethane;3-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— 3-Methyl-oxacycloundecan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    3-Methyl-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-[(3R)-2-oxooxetan-3-yl]but-2-ene-2-diazonium —— C7H9N2O3+
    3-hydroxy-4-[(3R)-2-oxooxetan-3-yl]but-2-ene-2-diazonium
    —— 6-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(6-oxooxan-2-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxan-2-one —— C17H28O6S2
    6-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(6-oxooxan-2-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C12H21N3O2S
    (2E)-2-[1-(4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— 3-(2-Phenylethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C13H14O3
    3-(2-Phenylethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[3-[Methyl-[2-(6-oxooxan-3-yl)ethyl]amino]prop-2-enylidene]propanedinitrile —— C14H17N3O2
    2-[3-[Methyl-[2-(6-oxooxan-3-yl)ethyl]amino]prop-2-enylidene]propanedinitrile
    —— 5-Methyl-6-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    5-Methyl-6-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— Ethane;oxolan-2-one —— C8H18O2
    Ethane;oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(Cyclohexylmethylidene)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    4-(Cyclohexylmethylidene)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-pent-3-en-2-yloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H18O3
    (5R,6S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-pent-3-en-2-yloxane-2,4-dione