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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H9NO5
    5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 6-Undecyloxane-2,3-dione —— C16H28O3
    6-Undecyloxane-2,3-dione
    —— (3E)-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one;2-methylpropane —— C23H34O5
    (3E)-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one;2-methylpropane
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(fluoromethyl)-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C5H8FNO3
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(fluoromethyl)-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Hydroxyoxane-2,4-dione —— C5H6O4
    5-Hydroxyoxane-2,4-dione
    —— 8-Oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]nonan-7-one —— C8H10O2
    8-Oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]nonan-7-one
    —— N-hydroxy-N-[[3-hydroxy-4-(5-methyl-3-propylhexylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide —— C20H35NO5
    N-hydroxy-N-[[3-hydroxy-4-(5-methyl-3-propylhexylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide
    —— 1-Adamantyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;3-(2,2-dimethylbutanoyloxy)butanoic acid;(5-oxo-2-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C54H92O12
    1-Adamantyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;3-(2,2-dimethylbutanoyloxy)butanoic acid;(5-oxo-2-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[(2S,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C10H16O9
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[(2S,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 6-propan-2-yl-6-[2-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C14H19NO3
    6-propan-2-yl-6-[2-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(6R)-11-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    [(6R)-11-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (5S,7R)-3-bromoadamantane-1-carboxylate —— C15H19BrO4
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (5S,7R)-3-bromoadamantane-1-carboxylate
    —— 18'-Amino-7',11'-dimethyl-5,14'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,6'-pentacyclo[13.2.1.02,10.03,7.011,16]octadeca-1(18),9-diene]-16'-carbonitrile —— C24H28N2O3
    18'-Amino-7',11'-dimethyl-5,14'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,6'-pentacyclo[13.2.1.02,10.03,7.011,16]octadeca-1(18),9-diene]-16'-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,2RS)3-allyloxycarbonylamino-2-benzyloxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran —— C15H17NO5
    (3S,2RS)3-allyloxycarbonylamino-2-benzyloxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— (14S,15S)-7-amino-14-methylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadeca-5(10),6-diene-15,5'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C23H29NO2
    (14S,15S)-7-amino-14-methylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadeca-5(10),6-diene-15,5'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C25H31BrO2
    (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[(3E)-3-diazo-2-oxobutyl]oxetan-2-one —— C7H8N2O3
    (3R)-3-[(3E)-3-diazo-2-oxobutyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-[[2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)ethoxy]methyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C13H16O11
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-[[2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)ethoxy]methyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— Methyl 3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-6-carboxylate —— C10H14O4
    Methyl 3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-(3-Methyloxiran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H10O5
    2-(3-Methyloxiran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aR,5R,6aS)-5-benzylperoxy-4-(3-oxo-5-phenylpentylidene)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C25H26O5
    (3aR,5R,6aS)-5-benzylperoxy-4-(3-oxo-5-phenylpentylidene)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 6-Aminooxan-2-one —— C5H9NO2
    6-Aminooxan-2-one
    —— [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N-[(2S)-1-oxo-1-[2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]oxaziridin-3-yl]hexan-2-yl]carbamate —— C22H30N2O6
    [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N-[(2S)-1-oxo-1-[2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]oxaziridin-3-yl]hexan-2-yl]carbamate
    —— 4-Benzyl-3-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    4-Benzyl-3-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 10,10-Dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decan-7-one —— C11H18O2
    10,10-Dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decan-7-one
    —— 6-[(E)-4-[(dimethylamino)methylimino]-3-[C-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methylcarbonimidoyl]-5-methylhex-2-enyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C23H32FN3O3
    6-[(E)-4-[(dimethylamino)methylimino]-3-[C-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methylcarbonimidoyl]-5-methylhex-2-enyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C14H26O2
    Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-4-(3-pentylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    5-Hydroxy-4-(3-pentylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 7-Sulfanyloxepan-2-one —— C6H10O2S
    7-Sulfanyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-methyloxepan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    (3S)-3-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-5-ethyl-3-fluoro-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one;formaldehyde —— C9H15FO3
    (3R,4R,5R)-5-ethyl-3-fluoro-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one;formaldehyde
    —— (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(3,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C102H156O24
    (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(3,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 9-Methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,8]nonan-5-one —— C9H12O2
    9-Methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,8]nonan-5-one
    —— ethane;2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one —— C19H46O2
    ethane;2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— 19-formyl-3-oxo-andrographolide —— C20H26O5
    19-formyl-3-oxo-andrographolide
    —— 3,4,5,6,7,8-Hexahydroxyoxonan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    3,4,5,6,7,8-Hexahydroxyoxonan-2-one
    —— 4-(4,4-difluoro-3-oxooctylidene)-5-phosphanyloxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C15H21F2O4P
    4-(4,4-difluoro-3-oxooctylidene)-5-phosphanyloxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 10',14'-Dimethylspiro[oxolane-5,15'-pentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.014,18]octadec-4-ene]-2,7'-dione —— C23H30O3
    10',14'-Dimethylspiro[oxolane-5,15'-pentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.014,18]octadec-4-ene]-2,7'-dione
    —— 3-[[2-Ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dioxo-3-(3-sulfopropylsulfanyl)oxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]propane-1-sulfonic acid —— C14H22O11S4
    3-[[2-Ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dioxo-3-(3-sulfopropylsulfanyl)oxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]propane-1-sulfonic acid
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxane-2,6-dione —— C10H16O3
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxane-2,6-dione
    —— 7-Ethyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.0.02,8]octan-4-one —— C9H12O2
    7-Ethyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.0.02,8]octan-4-one
    —— 12-(Dimethylamino)-11-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C17H23NO6
    12-(Dimethylamino)-11-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— 5-Propanoyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C9H12O3
    5-Propanoyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (5S)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O6
    (5S)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-[2-[(1R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-methylsulfonyl-4-propan-2-ylpyrimidin-1-ium-5-yl]ethenyl]oxan-2-one —— C22H28FN2O5S+
    3-[2-[(1R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-methylsulfonyl-4-propan-2-ylpyrimidin-1-ium-5-yl]ethenyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 6-(Aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2,3-dione —— C6H9NO5
    6-(Aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2,3-dione
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C19H24O4
    1-Hydroxy-4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3E)-3-[4-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]butoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one 57899-34-0 C14H18O6
    (3E)-3-[4-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]butoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[2-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]ethoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one 57899-32-8 C12H14O6
    (3E)-3-[2-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]ethoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[10-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]decoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one 57899-37-3 C20H30O6
    (3E)-3-[10-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]decoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one