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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3Z)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(methylaminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione —— C9H13NO3
    (3Z)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(methylaminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Dimethylaminomethylene-5,5-dimethylfuran-2,4-dione —— C9H13NO3
    3-Dimethylaminomethylene-5,5-dimethylfuran-2,4-dione
    —— 6,6-Dimethyl-3-(N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-methylaminomethylen)-tetrahydro-pyran-2,4-dion —— C12H16N2O3
    6,6-Dimethyl-3-(N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-methylaminomethylen)-tetrahydro-pyran-2,4-dion
    —— 3-((Dimethylaminomethylene)-6,6-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO3
    3-((Dimethylaminomethylene)-6,6-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— (4E)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO6
    (4E)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-7-Allyl-4,4-dimethyl-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione 59529-05-4 C15H22O3
    (Z)-7-Allyl-4,4-dimethyl-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione
    —— (3Z)-3-(aminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione;(3E)-3-(aminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione —— C12H14N2O6
    (3Z)-3-(aminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione;(3E)-3-(aminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (4Z)-3-methylidene-3a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one —— C11H14O2
    (4Z)-3-methylidene-3a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-5-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C21H24O4
    (3Z)-5-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (6Z)-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one;12-methylidene-5,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.04,6]dodecan-11-one —— C22H28O5
    (6Z)-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one;12-methylidene-5,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.04,6]dodecan-11-one
    —— (6Z)-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one —— C11H14O2
    (6Z)-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-(oxolan-3-ylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (3E)-3-(oxolan-3-ylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-(2-phenylethoxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C13H14O3
    (3E)-3-(2-phenylethoxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— N-methyl-N'-[(E)-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]urea —— C7H10N2O3
    N-methyl-N'-[(E)-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]urea
    —— (+/-)-5-Hete lactone —— C20H30O2
    (+/-)-5-Hete lactone
    —— (3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C11H9NO2
    (3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C11H9NO2
    (3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C11H9NO2
    (3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C11H9NO2
    (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO3
    (3R,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO3
    (3S,5R)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO3
    (3S,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C9H7NO3
    (3R,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— [(Z)-1-(4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-(4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methylene)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2,3-dione —— C17H12O4
    4-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methylene)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2,3-dione
    —— (4R)-4-hydroxy-1-oxoniabicyclo[1.1.0]butan-2-one —— C3H3O3+
    (4R)-4-hydroxy-1-oxoniabicyclo[1.1.0]butan-2-one
    —— bromo-2-γ-butyrolactone 42411-56-3 C4H5BrO2
    bromo-2-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4R)-4-hexyl-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    (4R)-4-hexyl-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C11H15NO3
    (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (5R)-3,3,5-trichlorooxocan-2-one —— C7H9Cl3O2
    (5R)-3,3,5-trichlorooxocan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3-methylidene-5-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10O2
    (5R)-3-methylidene-5-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (3R,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C12H18O5
    methyl (3R,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— epicephalosporolide D —— C8H14O3
    epicephalosporolide D
    —— (5S)-3,3,5-trichloro-5-methyloxocan-2-one —— C8H11Cl3O2
    (5S)-3,3,5-trichloro-5-methyloxocan-2-one
    —— (4Z,4aR,8S,11aS)-8-hydroxy-4-[(E)-4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene]-7,11-dimethylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O4
    (4Z,4aR,8S,11aS)-8-hydroxy-4-[(E)-4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene]-7,11-dimethylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (1S,8S,9R)-2,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one —— C15H18O6
    (1S,8S,9R)-2,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one
    —— (5'S,8S,9R,10R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O5
    (5'S,8S,9R,10R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— plaunol C 69749-01-5 C20H20O7
    plaunol C
    —— (1S,12R)-12-hydroxy-8,12-dimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one —— C15H22O3
    (1S,12R)-12-hydroxy-8,12-dimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one
    —— (3aS)-3,6-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    (3aS)-3,6-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-carboxylic acid
    —— (3Z,7Z)-3-ethylidene-8-methyl-5,6,9,10,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    (3Z,7Z)-3-ethylidene-8-methyl-5,6,9,10,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (2S,10S,13R)-5-[furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-5,7,11,11-tetramethyl-8,15-dioxospiro[12,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,7]heptadecane-6,3'-oxirane]-2'-carboxylic acid —— C26H32O9
    (2S,10S,13R)-5-[furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-5,7,11,11-tetramethyl-8,15-dioxospiro[12,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,7]heptadecane-6,3'-oxirane]-2'-carboxylic acid
    —— (3Z)-3-(aminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione —— C6H7NO3
    (3Z)-3-(aminomethylidene)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,2S)-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,2S)-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl 2-[(1S,3R,5S,9R,10S,13R)-3-ethenyl-1,3,9-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,6-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-10-yl]-2-methylpropanoate —— C21H32O5
    methyl 2-[(1S,3R,5S,9R,10S,13R)-3-ethenyl-1,3,9-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,6-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-10-yl]-2-methylpropanoate
    —— (3R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O3
    (3R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3aS)-8a-ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylidene-3a,4,4a,8,9,9a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-g]isochromene-2,6-dione —— C15H16O5
    (3aS)-8a-ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylidene-3a,4,4a,8,9,9a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-g]isochromene-2,6-dione
    —— N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C11H17NO3
    N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— Methyl 2-[2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17BrO5
    Methyl 2-[2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate