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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-benzyl-2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetamide —— C18H25NO3
    N-benzyl-2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetamide
    —— N-benzyl-2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetamide —— C18H25NO3
    N-benzyl-2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetamide
    —— (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(3-oxopropyl)oxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C8H10O4
    (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(3-oxopropyl)oxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,6S)-3,6-dimethyloxane-2,5-dione —— C7H10O3
    (3R,6S)-3,6-dimethyloxane-2,5-dione
    —— (2'S,5'S,16'S)-2',16'-dimethyl-5'-sulfanyloxyspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-10-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.012,16]octadecane]-9'-one —— C21H32O5S
    (2'S,5'S,16'S)-2',16'-dimethyl-5'-sulfanyloxyspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-10-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.012,16]octadecane]-9'-one
    —— (2'S,5'S,16'S)-5'-(boranylidyne-lambda4-sulfanyl)oxy-2',16'-dimethylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-10-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.012,16]octadecane]-9'-one —— C21H31BO5S
    (2'S,5'S,16'S)-5'-(boranylidyne-lambda4-sulfanyl)oxy-2',16'-dimethylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-10-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.012,16]octadecane]-9'-one
    —— Dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridinone —— C7H7NO2
    Dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridinone
    —— Ethene;2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,8-dione —— C10H14O3
    Ethene;2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,8-dione
    —— 2-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,8-dione 1019652-23-3 C8H10O3
    2-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,8-dione
    —— Ethene;2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1,8-dione —— C11H16O3
    Ethene;2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1,8-dione
    —— (5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5-carbaldehyde —— C8H8O3
    (6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5-carbaldehyde
    —— (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C14H11NO3S2
    (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C14H11NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C14H11NO3S2
    (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-Tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-carbaldehyde —— C8H8O3
    2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-Tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-carbaldehyde
    —— (2S,3S,4S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-6,9-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-7,8-dione —— C7H8O8
    (2S,3S,4S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-6,9-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-7,8-dione
    —— (4S)-4-heptyl-3-hexyloxetan-2-one —— C16H30O2
    (4S)-4-heptyl-3-hexyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-Methylpropoxymethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    3-(2-Methylpropoxymethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-2-one
    —— (3R)-5-methyl-3,4-bis(2-methylprop-2-enoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C13H20O4
    (3R)-5-methyl-3,4-bis(2-methylprop-2-enoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Methyl-5-nonyloxolan-2-one —— C14H26O2
    5-Methyl-5-nonyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 4-butyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4-carboxylate —— C13H14F6O4
    1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 4-butyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4-carboxylate
    —— [(4S)-1-cyano-3-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[3.2.1.03,8]octan-4-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate —— C14H17NO4
    [(4S)-1-cyano-3-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[3.2.1.03,8]octan-4-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— (5R)-3,4-diethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C10H15NO3
    (5R)-3,4-diethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— [1-[(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethenylamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [1-[(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethenylamino]urea
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H28N2O4
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H28N2O4
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H29N2O4+
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H29N2O4+
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H21NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R)-3-[1-(propylamino)ethenyl]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C9H13NO3
    (3R)-3-[1-(propylamino)ethenyl]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H21N3O2S
    (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H21N3O2S
    (3R,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H21N3O2S
    (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H21N3O2S
    (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— (3R,5R)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O2S
    (3R,5R)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O2S
    (3S,5R)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O2S
    (3R,5S)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O3S
    (3R,5S)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O3S
    (3R,5R)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O3S
    (3S,5S)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [3-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C12H19N3O3S
    [3-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate —— C9H9NO4S2
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate —— C9H9NO4S2
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate
    —— [3-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [3-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— (3S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20Br2O3
    (3S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20Br2O3
    (3R,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20Br2O3
    (3R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H20Br2O3
    (3S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione