摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Chloro-6-cyclopentyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione —— C11H15ClO3
    3-Chloro-6-cyclopentyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 1-Methyl-4-piperidinyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H25NO4
    1-Methyl-4-piperidinyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (5S)-3-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (5S)-3-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 4-hydroxy-10-methyl-8-oxo-4-(2,3,5,5-tetramethylhexan-3-yl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,5]decane-6-carboxylate —— C23H32F6O6
    1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 4-hydroxy-10-methyl-8-oxo-4-(2,3,5,5-tetramethylhexan-3-yl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,5]decane-6-carboxylate
    —— 8-(4-Bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    8-(4-Bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide —— C15H19NO3
    2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— 4-Methyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C9H14O3
    4-Methyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 1-[(4-Ethyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C16H26N2O3
    1-[(4-Ethyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 15-(4-Bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.5.3]pentadecane-6,13-dione —— C20H23BrO3
    15-(4-Bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.5.3]pentadecane-6,13-dione
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H21N3O3
    N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 9,9-Dimethyl-6-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione —— C17H20O3
    9,9-Dimethyl-6-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C9H14O3
    3-Tert-butyl-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 6-(4-Bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    6-(4-Bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione
    —— (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane —— C13H24O4
    (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-2-hexadecoxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C22H40O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-2-hexadecoxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-nonadecoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C25H46O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-nonadecoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S)-5-[(1R)-2-bromo-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H7BrO5
    (5S)-5-[(1R)-2-bromo-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H16O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[2-(2-Ethyl-5-propoxypyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C17H23NO4
    3-[2-(2-Ethyl-5-propoxypyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 2-Oxooxepane-3-carbonitrile —— C7H9NO2
    2-Oxooxepane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    (3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carbonyl chloride —— C10H13ClO3
    4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carbonyl chloride
    —— Methyl 5-(2-methylperoxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C9H12O7
    Methyl 5-(2-methylperoxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (1'S,2R,9'R)-2',15'-dimethyl-5,5'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,14'-pentacyclo[8.8.0.01,17.02,7.011,15]octadec-7-ene]-9'-carboxylate —— C25H32O5
    methyl (1'S,2R,9'R)-2',15'-dimethyl-5,5'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,14'-pentacyclo[8.8.0.01,17.02,7.011,15]octadec-7-ene]-9'-carboxylate
    —— 6-[2-(2,6-Diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C16H21NO3
    6-[2-(2,6-Diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O5
    4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H25BO4P2
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C12H20O3
    6-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (1R,2R,10R,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione —— C24H30O3
    (1R,2R,10R,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C21H31BrO2
    (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Dimethyloxolan-2-one;ethane —— C8H16O2
    3,5-Dimethyloxolan-2-one;ethane
    —— 3-[3-(3-Propylsulfinylpropylsulfinyl)propyl]oxetan-2-one —— C12H22O4S2
    3-[3-(3-Propylsulfinylpropylsulfinyl)propyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(2-Methylpropylimino)oxolan-2-one —— C8H13NO2
    4-(2-Methylpropylimino)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3,4-Tris(hydroxymethyl)oxepan-2-one —— C9H16O5
    3,3,4-Tris(hydroxymethyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— (2R,16'S)-18'-amino-7',11'-dimethyl-5,14'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,6'-pentacyclo[13.2.1.02,10.03,7.011,16]octadeca-1(18),9-diene]-16'-carbonitrile —— C24H28N2O3
    (2R,16'S)-18'-amino-7',11'-dimethyl-5,14'-dioxospiro[oxolane-2,6'-pentacyclo[13.2.1.02,10.03,7.011,16]octadeca-1(18),9-diene]-16'-carbonitrile
    —— N-(sec-butyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    N-(sec-butyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    2-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate —— C15H24O4
    (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-oxo-N,N-di(propan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    2-oxo-N,N-di(propan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H19NO4
    N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    2-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide
    —— 12-Diisopropylaminomethyl-7-methyl-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo [12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione —— C21H29NO6
    12-Diisopropylaminomethyl-7-methyl-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo [12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione
    —— 5-Methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H10O3
    5-Methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[2-(4-Ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C14H17NO3
    3-[2-(4-Ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-undecoxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H30O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-undecoxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-[(4R)-6-oxo-4-phosphonooxyoxan-2-yl]ethyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H37O8P
    [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-[(4R)-6-oxo-4-phosphonooxyoxan-2-yl]ethyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate