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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2-Oxooxan-3-ylidene)methylurea —— C7H10N2O3
    (2-Oxooxan-3-ylidene)methylurea
    —— (7R,9Z)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione —— C13H20O3
    (7R,9Z)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione
    —— (3S,4E,5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO6
    (3S,4E,5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4E,5S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO6
    (3S,4E,5S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(Z)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5S)-5-[(Z)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (7S)-7-tert-butyloxepan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (7S)-7-tert-butyloxepan-2-one
    —— 4-[(5R)-5-tert-butyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-ylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H20N2O3
    4-[(5R)-5-tert-butyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-ylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(Z)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5R)-5-[(Z)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-[(5S)-5-tert-butyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-ylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H20N2O3
    4-[(5S)-5-tert-butyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-ylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— diethyl-methyl-[[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]azanium —— C11H22NO2+
    diethyl-methyl-[[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]azanium
    —— diethyl-methyl-[[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]azanium —— C11H22NO2+
    diethyl-methyl-[[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]azanium
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— 5-Oxaspiro[2.5]octane-4,6-dione —— C7H8O3
    5-Oxaspiro[2.5]octane-4,6-dione
    —— 3-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C9H9NO2
    3-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,8-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,6-dione —— C10H12O5
    1-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,8-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,6-dione
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,6-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one —— C10H16O2
    4,6-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (6R)-6-[(1E,3Z,6Z,9Z)-pentadeca-1,3,6,9-tetraenyl]oxan-2-one —— C20H30O2
    (6R)-6-[(1E,3Z,6Z,9Z)-pentadeca-1,3,6,9-tetraenyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (6R)-6-cyclopentyloxan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (6R)-6-cyclopentyloxan-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-cyclopentyloxan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (6S)-6-cyclopentyloxan-2-one
    —— (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10S,11S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10S,11S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10S,11R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10S,11R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10R,11R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10R,11R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (3S)-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one —— C15H18O2
    (3S)-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10R,11S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (1S,5'R,8S,9S,10R,11S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— Propyl 2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H14O4
    Propyl 2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3S)-3-[[1-(2-aminoethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl]methyl]oxan-2-one —— C11H19N3O2
    (3S)-3-[[1-(2-aminoethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl]methyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[[1-(2-aminoethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl]methyl]oxan-2-one —— C11H19N3O2
    (3R)-3-[[1-(2-aminoethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl]methyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-chlorooxolan-2-one —— C4H5ClO2
    (3S)-3-chlorooxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C5H8O5
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C5H8O5
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— 2-[(2S,4R)-2-[(3R,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C17H25NO4
    2-[(2S,4R)-2-[(3R,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C5H8O5
    (3S,4S)-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— ethyl (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C9H14O4
    ethyl (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C6H7NO2
    (3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C7H9NO2
    (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— 5-Oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-3-furoic acid sodium salt 13389-97-4 C11H9NaO4
    5-Oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-3-furoic acid sodium salt
    —— (3S)-3,4,4,5,5-pentamethyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3S)-3,4,4,5,5-pentamethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-methyl-3-[[2-[[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C18H22O4
    (3R,5S)-5-methyl-3-[[2-[[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-methyl-3-[[2-[[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C18H22O4
    (3R,5S)-5-methyl-3-[[2-[[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-methyl-3-[[2-[[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C18H22O4
    (3R,5S)-5-methyl-3-[[2-[[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C8H11BrO2
    (1S,4R,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4S,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C8H11BrO2
    (1R,4S,6R)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S,6S,7S)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4S,5S,6S,7S)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S,6S,7R)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4S,5S,6S,7R)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S,6R,7S)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4S,5S,6R,7S)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one