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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Ethoxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    4-Ethoxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-Oxaspiro[2.4]heptane-4,7-dione —— C6H6O3
    5-Oxaspiro[2.4]heptane-4,7-dione
    —— 1-Benzyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C12H12O2
    1-Benzyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 1-[2-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)acetyl]cyclopropane-1-carbonitrile —— C10H11NO3
    1-[2-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)acetyl]cyclopropane-1-carbonitrile
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-(4-thiophen-2-ylsulfonyliminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methanolate —— C15H12NO6S2-
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-(4-thiophen-2-ylsulfonyliminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methanolate
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-(4-thiophen-2-ylsulfonyliminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methanolate —— C15H12NO6S2-
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-(4-thiophen-2-ylsulfonyliminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methanolate
    —— (3-Ethyl-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C11H16O4
    (3-Ethyl-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2,3-Diethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C12H18O4
    (2,3-Diethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (4-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C12H18O4
    (4-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2-Methyl-5-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C12H18O4
    (2-Methyl-5-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— [5-Oxo-2,3-di(propan-2-yl)oxolan-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C14H22O4
    [5-Oxo-2,3-di(propan-2-yl)oxolan-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C12H18O4
    (3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C13H20O4
    (2,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2-Methyl-5-oxo-3-propyloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C12H18O4
    (2-Methyl-5-oxo-3-propyloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 2,3,4-Trimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl methacrylate —— C11H16O4
    2,3,4-Trimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl methacrylate
    —— (3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C12H18O4
    (3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 1-(2-Oxocyclohexyl)-9-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)nonane-3,7-dione —— C20H30O5
    1-(2-Oxocyclohexyl)-9-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)nonane-3,7-dione
    —— 4-Ethyl-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    4-Ethyl-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one
    —— (6R)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one —— C14H15FN2O3
    (6R)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one
    —— (6R)-6-(2-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one —— C14H15FN2O3
    (6R)-6-(2-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one
    —— 4-Methylsulfanyloxyoxolan-2-one —— C5H8O3S
    4-Methylsulfanyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (5S)-5-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[2-[(5S)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H22O4
    5-[2-[(5S)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[2-[(5S)-5-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C30H40O4Si
    5-[2-[(5S)-5-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3,4,6-trimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)oxan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (3R,4S)-3,4,6-trimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-4-[2-[hydroxy(dimethyl)silyl]-2-methylpropyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one —— C12H24O4Si
    (4R,6S)-4-[2-[hydroxy(dimethyl)silyl]-2-methylpropyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-butoxy-5-[(4R,5S,6R,9R)-5-butoxy-9-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-hydroxy-4-methylundeca-1,7-diynyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C31H54O6Si
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-butoxy-5-[(4R,5S,6R,9R)-5-butoxy-9-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-hydroxy-4-methylundeca-1,7-diynyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-butoxy-5-[(4R,5S)-5-butoxy-6,6-dimethoxy-4-methylhex-1-ynyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C22H38O6
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-butoxy-5-[(4R,5S)-5-butoxy-6,6-dimethoxy-4-methylhex-1-ynyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 8-(7-Oxooxepan-2-yl)-7-oxaspiro[4.6]undecan-6-one —— C16H24O4
    8-(7-Oxooxepan-2-yl)-7-oxaspiro[4.6]undecan-6-one
    —— 2-(2-Oxooxepan-3-yl)ethyl prop-2-enoate —— C11H16O4
    2-(2-Oxooxepan-3-yl)ethyl prop-2-enoate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl]oxolane-2,3,4-trione —— C7H8O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl]oxolane-2,3,4-trione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethyl]oxolane-2,3,4-trione —— C10H14O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethyl]oxolane-2,3,4-trione
    —— (3S,4R,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O4
    (3S,4R,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(2R,4R)-2,4-dihydroxypentan-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C12H22O5
    (3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(2R,4R)-2,4-dihydroxypentan-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H14O4
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(2,4-Dihydroxyhexyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H24O5
    3-(2,4-Dihydroxyhexyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Nonyl-6-[7-(6-oxooxan-2-yl)heptyl]oxan-2-one —— C26H46O4
    6-Nonyl-6-[7-(6-oxooxan-2-yl)heptyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-phosphanyloxyoxan-2-one —— C19H29O4P
    (4R,6R)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-phosphanyloxyoxan-2-one
    —— 4-Deoxy-d-glucono-1,5-lactone —— C6H10O5
    4-Deoxy-d-glucono-1,5-lactone
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-2-yl)methoxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C18H28O5
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-2-yl)methoxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— prop-2-enyl 7-[[(1S,3R,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]oxycarbonylamino]heptanoate —— C36H59NO7Si
    prop-2-enyl 7-[[(1S,3R,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]oxycarbonylamino]heptanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]carbamate —— C33H56N2O7Si
    [(1S,3R,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]carbamate
    —— [(1S,3R,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] N-[(4-ethynylphenyl)methyl]carbamate —— C35H49NO5Si
    [(1S,3R,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] N-[(4-ethynylphenyl)methyl]carbamate
    —— (1S,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1S,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decan-3-one
    —— 4,4-Dihydroxyoxan-2-one —— C5H8O4
    4,4-Dihydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C9H14O3
    1-Hydroxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-(5,5-dimethylhexyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (3R,5S)-3-(5,5-dimethylhexyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,3aR)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-8-methyl-4,5,6,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C13H16O3
    (3E,3aR)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-8-methyl-4,5,6,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O2
    (3S,4S)-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Pentadecyl-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one —— C32H62O2
    4-Pentadecyl-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one