摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-prop-1-enyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C15H22O3
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-prop-1-enyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 1-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H21FO3
    1-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— 3-(5-Bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C16H19BrO4
    3-(5-Bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 1-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H21FO3
    1-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— 2,3-Dimethylbutyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H26O4
    2,3-Dimethylbutyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one —— C10H16O2
    3,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-2-one, 4-methoxy-7-methyl-, trans- —— C9H12O3
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-2-one, 4-methoxy-7-methyl-, trans-
    —— 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 1-(bromomethyl)heptyl ester —— C18H29BrO4
    4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 1-(bromomethyl)heptyl ester
    —— 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-heptyl ester —— C18H30O4
    4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-heptyl ester
    —— 3-Furancarboxylic acid, 4-butyltetrahydro-2-oxo-, methyl ester —— C10H16O4
    3-Furancarboxylic acid, 4-butyltetrahydro-2-oxo-, methyl ester
    —— 1,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester 54345-93-6 C11H14O4
    1,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one, 8,8-dimethyl-7-methylene- —— C10H14O2
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one, 8,8-dimethyl-7-methylene-
    —— 1,8-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene-8-carboxylic acid 54345-92-5 C10H12O4
    1,8-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene-8-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C12H14O3
    4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyl-5-(propan-2-ylamino)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C20H19NO4
    4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyl-5-(propan-2-ylamino)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-butyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 54491-12-2 C14H18O2
    3-butyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 1,4-Oxathiepan-2-one, 3,3-dimethyl- —— C7H12O2S
    1,4-Oxathiepan-2-one, 3,3-dimethyl-
    —— 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-isopentyl-furan-2,4-dione 22884-77-1 C9H14O3
    3-isopentyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— N,N-Diethyl-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonan-4-carboxamide —— C13H21NO3
    N,N-Diethyl-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonan-4-carboxamide
    —— Methyl 5-methoxy-1-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate —— C10H14O5
    Methyl 5-methoxy-1-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— 1-Oxaspiro[4,5]decane 4-carbonitrile, 2-oxo- —— C10H13NO2
    1-Oxaspiro[4,5]decane 4-carbonitrile, 2-oxo-
    —— 4-[ethoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H8O5
    4-[ethoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— d-Galactono-1,4-lactone, 5,6-O-(ethylboranediyl)- —— C8H13BO6
    d-Galactono-1,4-lactone, 5,6-O-(ethylboranediyl)-
    —— 5-Hydroxy-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    5-Hydroxy-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-Methyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid 16149-79-4 C11H16O4
    3-Methyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 4,8,12-trimethyltridecan-4-olide 220904-24-5 C16H30O2
    4,8,12-trimethyltridecan-4-olide
    —— 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-(2-methyl-1-propen-3-yl)- —— C9H14O2
    2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-(2-methyl-1-propen-3-yl)-
    —— 4,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyhept-5-enoic acid lactone —— C9H14O2
    4,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyhept-5-enoic acid lactone
    —— 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-carboxylic acid, 2-oxo-4-cyano-, ethyl ester —— C13H17NO4
    1-Oxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-carboxylic acid, 2-oxo-4-cyano-, ethyl ester
    —— (+/-)-9-Pentadecanolid 67401-20-1 C15H28O2
    (+/-)-9-Pentadecanolid
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one, 4,7-bis(methoxy)- —— C9H12O4
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one, 4,7-bis(methoxy)-
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one, 7-methoxy- —— C8H10O3
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one, 7-methoxy-
    —— 5-Methylidene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one —— C8H10O2
    5-Methylidene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— 5-benzylidene-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C14H14O2
    5-benzylidene-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— 5-benzylidene-6-methyl-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C15H16O2
    5-benzylidene-6-methyl-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— 5-benzylidene-1-methoxy-6-methyl-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C16H18O3
    5-benzylidene-1-methoxy-6-methyl-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— 5-benzylidene-1-methoxy-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C15H16O3
    5-benzylidene-1-methoxy-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— Methyl 1-chloro-3-oxo-4-phenyloctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-carboxylate —— C16H17ClO4
    Methyl 1-chloro-3-oxo-4-phenyloctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-carboxylate
    —— 1-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one, 4-(benzylaminocarbonyl)- —— C16H19NO3
    1-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one, 4-(benzylaminocarbonyl)-
    —— 5-O-Methyl-d-glucofuranurono-gamma-lactone —— C7H10O6
    5-O-Methyl-d-glucofuranurono-gamma-lactone
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-4-methyl-2-silavalerolacton 13716-54-6 C7H14O2Si
    2,2-Dimethyl-4-methyl-2-silavalerolacton
    —— 3-Ethoxycarbonyl-5-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one —— C8H12O5
    3-Ethoxycarbonyl-5-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 5a,6-Dihydroxy-1a-methylhexahydrooxireno[2',3':4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-2(1ah)-one —— C9H12O5
    5a,6-Dihydroxy-1a-methylhexahydrooxireno[2',3':4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-2(1ah)-one
    —— Tetrahydrofuran-5-on-2-methanol, alpha-[alpha-methoxy-(tetrahydrofuran-5-on-2-ylmethoxy)]- —— C11H16O7
    Tetrahydrofuran-5-on-2-methanol, alpha-[alpha-methoxy-(tetrahydrofuran-5-on-2-ylmethoxy)]-
    —— 4,6-Methanocyclopropa[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-c]furan-1-one, octahydro-7-hydroxy-, (4R,3a-trans,4a-trans,5a-trans,6-cis,7-cis,7a-trans)- —— C11H14O3
    4,6-Methanocyclopropa[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-c]furan-1-one, octahydro-7-hydroxy-, (4R,3a-trans,4a-trans,5a-trans,6-cis,7-cis,7a-trans)-
    —— 8-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one —— C9H14O3
    8-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-, (1,2-dimethyl-1-ethynyl)propyl ester —— C17H24O4
    2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-, (1,2-dimethyl-1-ethynyl)propyl ester
    —— Acetic acid, 4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydropyran-4-yl ester —— C8H12O4
    Acetic acid, 4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydropyran-4-yl ester
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-(2-methyl-3-methylene-1-buten-4-yl)- —— C10H14O2
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-(2-methyl-3-methylene-1-buten-4-yl)-