内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 11β-Hydroxy-3-aethylendioxy-16-oxo-18-carboxy-androstadien-(5,14)-lacton | 113091-81-9 | C22H26O5 |
| —— | [(1'S,8R)-1,9-dimethoxy-3-methyl-3'-oxospiro[6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[g]isoquinoline-8,2'-cyclopentane]-1'-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate | 225090-33-5 | C29H33NO7 |
| —— | methyl 2-((3R,4S)-4-tert-butyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethanoate | 1338712-43-8 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 6-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one | 673502-39-1 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | methyl <1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-L-threo-tetrofurano>-<3,4-f>-(3S,4S,5R)-4-carboxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexene-5-carboxylate 3,4-lactone | 98050-36-3 | C15H18O7 |
| —— | (1R,5S,8S)-8-hydroxy-7-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]-octan-6-one | 174759-97-8 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 7'-bromo-2'-oxo-6'-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-3a',6',7',7a'-tetrahydrospiro [cyclohexane-1,3'-furo[2,3-c]pyridine]-4'-carbonitrile | 1570044-90-4 | C14H14BrF3N2O4S |
| —— | 7-Brom-4-hydroxy-heptin-(6)-saeure-(1)-lacton | 98550-58-4 | C7H7BrO2 |
| —— | cis-6-(3-azidopropyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 101760-05-8 | C9H15N3O3 |
| —— | D-digitalonic acid-4-lactone | 526-39-6 | C7H12O5 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6aR)-4-Hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one | 127269-06-1 | C7H10O3S |
| —— | 3,7,11-tris[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-9-[({[({5-[(2-propenyloxy)carbonyl]amino}hexyl)amino]carbonyl}oxy)pentyl]discodermolide | 184291-89-2 | C66H123N3O12Si3 |
| —— | 2α,δ-Dimethyl-δ-hydroxy-γ-caprolacton | 90113-49-8 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 17β-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxa-5β-androstan-3-one | 97957-56-7 | C19H30O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-<<(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyl-5-pentanolide | 120093-60-9 | C24H31IO3Si |
| —— | (3S<sup>*</sup>,5R<sup>*</sup>,7S<sup>*</sup>)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methylnonanoic acid δ-lactone | 113778-50-0 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | ((1S,3S,6R,7R)-6-Methyl-9-oxo-3-phenyl-10-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.01,6]dodec-8-yl)-acetic acid | 218786-55-1 | C20H24O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,7aS)-3,5-Dioxo-octahydro-isobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 158512-73-3 | C10H12O5 |
| —— | (S)-5-((S)-1-Methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 125751-38-4 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 4-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.6]undecan-2-one | 132994-90-2 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-((R)-1,2-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-ethyl)-4-trimethylsilanyloxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 72022-81-2 | C15H34O5Si3 |
| —— | trans-5-(iodomethyl)-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1729-26-6 | C11H11IO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-6ξ-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2,4-dione | 100886-23-5 | C14H14O3 |
| —— | 5-Aethoxy-3-aethyl-3-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-on | 92864-27-2 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 3-((2<i>S</i>)-2<i>r</i>-carboxy-4<i>c</i>-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[3<i>t</i>]furyl)-propionic acid | 100704-99-2 | C9H12O6 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-benzyl-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one | 1092798-53-2 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | 4-cyanomethylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 127268-80-8 | C9H11NO2 |
| —— | γ-(n-Octadecylthio)-β-butyrolacton | 34289-55-9 | C22H42O2S |
| —— | 10,10-dimethyl-2,4,8-trioxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-11-one | 92016-34-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (20S)-3α-Dimethylamino-20-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-18-saeure-lacton | 1244-01-5 | C23H37NO2 |
| —— | 3,3-Aethylendimercapto-dihydro-eremophilenolid | 98171-92-7 | C17H26O2S2 |
| —— | 5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid | 1522098-67-4 | C8H9ClO4 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6aR)-ethyl-4-(furan-2-yl)-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-85-9 | C16H20O6 |
| —— | 5-(3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6-oxa-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-en-7-one | 1192017-84-7 | C10H9F2N3O2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(3Z,8Z,16Z)-(2S,5S,6R,7S,11S,12R,13R,14S,15S)-2,6,12-tris-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-14-hydroxy-5,7,11,13,15-pentamethyl-nonadeca-3,8,16-trienyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 837383-55-8 | C55H110O7Si4 |
| —— | (2S,2'R,5'R)-5'-((S)-1,2-Dihydroxy-ethyl)-2,5'-dimethyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one | 116296-53-8 | C12H20O5 |
| —— | (-)-de-AB-8-oxa-cholest-14-en-9-one | 88099-44-9 | C17H28O2 |
| —— | (1S,6S)-1,6-Dimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one | 72331-82-9 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 6-tert-Butyl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 129665-07-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,5S)-1-(2-Bromo-allyl)-2-furan-2-yl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 83662-28-6 | C14H15BrO3 |
| —— | 82814-28-6 | C10H15N3O2S | |
| —— | (R)-5-((R)-1,2-dihydroxy-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1279018-22-2 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 951697-32-8 | C14H16O4 | |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-hexansaeure-lacton | 105207-99-6 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-3,3-dichloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 87223-97-0 | C6H7Cl3O2 |
| —— | 4-Ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[5.5]undec-3-ene-3-carbonitrile | 96829-70-8 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | 5-(1-Bromo-vinyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 81036-69-3 | C6H7BrO2 |
| —— | α-Acetyl-α-methyl-δ-isopentyloxy-γ-valerolacton | 91976-64-6 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | 1548667-51-1 | C15H28O4Si | |
| —— | (1S,5S,6R,7R,8S,10S,11S,13R,16S)-7,8-dihydroxy-7-(iodomethyl)-11,15,18,18-tetramethyl-10,13,16-tris(triethylsilyloxy)-2,4-dioxatetracyclo[12.3.1.01,5.06,11]octadec-14-ene-3,12-dione | 892859-20-0 | C39H71IO9Si3 |
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