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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,5S,6S)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,7-dione 124225-10-1 C8H10O3
    (1R,5S,6S)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,7-dione
    —— methyl (1R,5R,6S)-6-methyl-2,7-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-6-carboxylate 124265-31-2 C10H12O5
    methyl (1R,5R,6S)-6-methyl-2,7-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-6-carboxylate
    —— [4R,6R,6(1R)]-4-allyl-6-[1-methyl-2-(methanesulfonyl)ethyl]-4H-pyran-2-one 237735-32-9 C12H20O5S
    [4R,6R,6(1R)]-4-allyl-6-[1-methyl-2-(methanesulfonyl)ethyl]-4H-pyran-2-one
    —— allyl (1R,5R,6S)-6-methyl-2,7-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-6-carboxylate 124265-32-3 C12H14O5
    allyl (1R,5R,6S)-6-methyl-2,7-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-6-carboxylate
    —— allyl (1R,5R,6R)-6-methyl-2,7-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-6-carboxylate 124225-09-8 C12H14O5
    allyl (1R,5R,6R)-6-methyl-2,7-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)tetronic acid 99440-60-5 C9H12O3
    2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)tetronic acid
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbaldehyde 915750-46-8 C10H14O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbaldehyde
    —— Camphersaeureanhydrid 76-32-4 C10H14O3
    Camphersaeureanhydrid
    —— 3-[4-(cyclopent-3-enyl)-3-oxobutyl]-3-methylfuran-2,4-dione 629624-75-5 C14H18O4
    3-[4-(cyclopent-3-enyl)-3-oxobutyl]-3-methylfuran-2,4-dione
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylic acid 183850-84-2 C11H16O4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 183850-92-2 C16H23NO3
    (1S,5R)-1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1R)-1-camphoric anhydride 76-32-4 C10H14O3
    (1R)-1-camphoric anhydride
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one 149948-49-2 C10H16O3
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-5-(dimethoxymethyl)-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one 188120-28-7 C9H16O4
    (3R,4R,5R)-5-(dimethoxymethyl)-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(dimethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 282101-74-0 C19H40O6Si2
    (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(dimethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6(E)-bromomethylidenetetrahydro-2-pyrone 79054-08-3 C6H7BrO2
    6(E)-bromomethylidenetetrahydro-2-pyrone
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(dimethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 261967-44-6 C19H40O6Si2
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(dimethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-bromo-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 101012-63-9 C10H9BrO2
    2-bromo-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— dihyddro-5-(3-iodopropyl)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 138145-91-2 C13H15IO2
    dihyddro-5-(3-iodopropyl)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6(Z)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone 136358-18-4 C6H7BrO2
    6(Z)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— diethyl 2-oxo-oxetan-4-ylmethylthiophosphonate 80986-69-2 C8H15O4PS
    diethyl 2-oxo-oxetan-4-ylmethylthiophosphonate
    —— (4R,6R)-6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 135677-41-7 C7H12O3
    (4R,6R)-6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 135677-42-8 C7H12O3
    (4R,6S)-6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-4-propyl-γ-butyrolactone 77755-98-7 C8H14O2
    3-methyl-4-propyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6-methyl-3-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 6900-24-9 C9H16O2
    6-methyl-3-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— N,N-Dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide 142183-71-9 C11H17NO3
    N,N-Dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— 4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid 64030-28-0 C6H8O4
    4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2(3H)-one 98985-81-0 C13H22O4
    4-ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4,5-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 74603-51-3 C12H14O2
    4,5-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— cis-2-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-γ-valerolacton 13397-32-5 C7H12O3
    cis-2-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-γ-valerolacton
    —— 2-oxo-3-dimethylaminomethyleneperhydropyran 66516-00-5 C8H13NO2
    2-oxo-3-dimethylaminomethyleneperhydropyran
    —— 2-(3-Butenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoic acid lactone 157372-54-8 C9H14O2
    2-(3-Butenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoic acid lactone
    —— 3,3-dideuteriumtetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 321324-70-3 C5H8O2
    3,3-dideuteriumtetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-2-oxopropionic acid 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester 464911-23-7 C9H12O5
    (R)-2-oxopropionic acid 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester
    —— 1280200-05-6 C7H8O2
    —— 3-Butyl-5-pentanolide 89030-32-0 C9H16O2
    3-Butyl-5-pentanolide
    —— 4-ethyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 62989-39-3 C7H12O2
    4-ethyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-(1-hydroxy-2,2-bis(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 247590-36-9 C9H16O3S2
    3-(1-hydroxy-2,2-bis(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— α-propargyl-δ-valerolactone 50994-85-9 C8H10O2
    α-propargyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 2-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 153851-13-9 C10H16O4
    2-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (E)-3-benzylidenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 98011-25-7 C12H12O2
    (E)-3-benzylidenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-oxepane-1,5-dione 313473-82-4 C6H8O3
    2-oxepane-1,5-dione
    —— 3-isobutyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 32821-71-9 C9H16O2
    3-isobutyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-dihydromahubanolide B 71325-97-8 C21H38O3
    (+/-)-dihydromahubanolide B
    —— (E,4S,5S)-3-hexadecylidene-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2(3H)-one 71358-20-8 C21H38O3
    (E,4S,5S)-3-hexadecylidene-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (E,4S,5S)-3-dodecylidene-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2(3H)-one 354579-96-7 C17H30O3
    (E,4S,5S)-3-dodecylidene-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-3-hexyl-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 214210-36-3 C19H30O2Si
    (3S,4R,5S)-4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-3-hexyl-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-epi-litsenolide D<sub>2</sub> 386277-86-7 C17H30O3
    3-epi-litsenolide D<sub>2</sub>
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3-butyl-4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 214210-35-2 C17H26O2Si
    (3S,4R,5S)-3-butyl-4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-n-hexyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 92017-12-4 C11H20O3
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-n-hexyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one