内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | ethyl 5-methyl-5-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 86532-07-2 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-propionyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 98558-70-4 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (3R,4aS,8R,8aS)-(+)-8-acetyl-3-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroisocoumarin | 104317-29-5 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-[(R)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102744-94-5 | C23H30O5Si |
| —— | cis-2,4-di(phenethyl)glutaric anhydride | 105129-24-6 | C21H22O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S)-1-[(2R)-4-[(E)-ethylidene]-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]-3-methylbutylcarbamate | 849410-55-5 | C16H27NO4 |
| —— | 3-furfurylidene-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 135299-27-3 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-3-hexyloxetan-2-one | 1151392-04-9 | C18H36O3Si |
| —— | 2-deoxy-3-O-methyl-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone | 82540-80-5 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | c-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-t-3-phenylcyclohexane-r-1,3-carbolactone | 56840-18-7 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 465-38-3 | C10H16O6 |
| —— | ipomic lactone | 84340-13-6 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (1R,4S,7S)-7-Butyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 125159-52-6 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (1S*,5R*,6R*,7R*)-6,7-Dibrom-1,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-on | 111061-98-4 | C9H12Br2O2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 131175-62-7 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | α-methylene-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone | 107996-92-9 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | 3'-oxobut-1'-en-2'-yl (1S)-3-oxo-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-1-carboxylate | 147863-51-2 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | Isopederolacton | 4283-37-8 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3-methylene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 58368-19-7 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | 3-Chloro-3-(hydroxy-isopropoxy-methyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 167260-80-2 | C8H13ClO4 |
| —— | 17β-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-3β,5-epoxy-A-homo-5β-androstan-4a-one | 88662-45-7 | C22H34O3 |
| —— | (-)-<1S(7S,8R,10S),4R>-<10-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl>-8-hydroxy-8-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro<4.5>decan-7-yl> 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-1-carboxylate | 116511-42-3 | C36H48O8Si |
| —— | 1-(3-chloro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)propyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate | 1104252-91-6 | C18H27ClO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-oxo-(4a<i>r</i>)-octahydro-3<i>t</i>,8a<i>t</i>-ethano-chromene-4<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid | 105475-46-5 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-[19-methoxy-11-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-17-oxo-18-oxadispiro[7.0.79.38]nonadecan-6-yl]acetate | 77188-56-8 | C25H40O7 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 131232-36-5 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | 1361552-34-2 | C16H20O8 | |
| —— | (1,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl)methyl acetate | 114058-06-9 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR)-((E)-6a-But-2-enyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione | 125801-50-5 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,6S,8aS)-6-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-7-carbaldehyde | 81907-10-0 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3S,6S,9S,10S)-2,3-bis(methoxymethoxy)-13-hydroxy-9-(dimethoxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.0<sup>1,6</sup>]tridec-7-en-11-one | 252000-19-4 | C21H34O9 |
| —— | S-Mesyloxyethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 108380-30-9 | C7H12O5S |
| —— | (3S,4S)-3-allyl-4-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one | 1209462-57-6 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (4aS,10aS,10bS)-10b-Hydroxy-4a,7,7,10a-tetramethyl-dodecahydro-benzo[f]chromen-3-one | 98032-04-3 | C17H28O3 |
| —— | 3-Isobutyl-4-methyl-γ-valerolacton | 81020-58-8 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | α-methyl-α-phenylseleno-γ-valerolactone | 74011-19-1 | C12H14O2Se |
| —— | (1S,4S,6R)-(+)-1-iodomethyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one | 304430-10-2 | C12H17IO2 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-5(E)-chloromercuriomethylidenetetrahydro-2-furanone | 79054-12-9 | C11H9ClHgO2 |
| —— | 3α-acetoxy-11α-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5α-androstan-17-one | 141563-24-8 | C27H46O4Si |
| —— | (3R,6R,7R)-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-7-vinyl-1,4-dioxocan-5-one | 1094450-29-9 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 104788-49-0 | C16H22O4 | |
| —— | (1S,5S,6R)-6-Ethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 136713-41-2 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | ethyl (3S,4S)-(-)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 869594-48-9 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 1,5-Di-O-ethoxycarbonyl-chinid | 97001-51-9 | C13H18O9 |
| —— | (S)-3-Hexanoyl-4-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 117201-16-8 | C14H26O4Si |
| —— | (S)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-allyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 221135-52-0 | C13H24O3Si |
| —— | rac-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-16,16-diethoxy-11β-hydroxy-16,17-seco-pregna-5,14ξ-dien-18-oic acid-lactone | 122118-50-7 | C27H40O6 |
| —— | 17-carboxygibberellin A<sub>4</sub> dimethyl ester | 129839-76-5 | C22H28O7 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-6-(3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-8-((2S)-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-1,3,7-trioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 1312080-51-5 | C31H40O7Si |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-Allyl-5-((R)-1-iodo-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 131175-67-2 | C9H13IO2 |
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