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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3As)-3aalpha,7aalpha-Dimethyl-3bbeta-(3-bromo-3-butenyl)-7beta-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,3a,3b,5,7,7a-hexahydro-2,4-dioxa-1H-cyclopenta[a]pentalene-1,5-dione —— C21H31BrO5Si
    (3As)-3aalpha,7aalpha-Dimethyl-3bbeta-(3-bromo-3-butenyl)-7beta-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,3a,3b,5,7,7a-hexahydro-2,4-dioxa-1H-cyclopenta[a]pentalene-1,5-dione
    —— (R)-tetrahydro-6-[(2R,5R)-tetrahydro-5-[(R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)tridecyl]furan-2-yl]pyran-2-one 681121-34-6 C28H54O4Si
    (R)-tetrahydro-6-[(2R,5R)-tetrahydro-5-[(R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)tridecyl]furan-2-yl]pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,6S)-6-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one 863976-76-5 C22H28O5Si
    (3R,4R,6S)-6-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 5-Dec-9-enyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one 83650-10-6 C15H24O2
    5-Dec-9-enyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-4-Bromo-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 321907-63-5 C13H25BrO3Si
    (3S,4R,5S)-4-Bromo-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-[(2R,4S)-2-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetaldehyde 143521-72-6 C26H34O4Si
    2-[(2R,4S)-2-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— 4-(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluorooctyl)oxane-2,6-dione 852527-52-7 C13H5F17O3
    4-(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluorooctyl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— (E)-α-(1'-Bromoethylidene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 134078-85-6 C8H9BrO2
    (E)-α-(1'-Bromoethylidene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (5S,6S)-6-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 756834-62-5 C14H28O3Si
    (5S,6S)-6-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1128-82-1 C8H12O4
    4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (3E,7E)-(1S,2S,10S,11R)-2-Hydroxy-12-isopropylidene-4,8-dimethyl-16-oxa-tricyclo[8.4.2.0<sup>1,11</sup>]hexadeca-3,7-dien-15-one 900803-10-3 C20H28O3
    (3E,7E)-(1S,2S,10S,11R)-2-Hydroxy-12-isopropylidene-4,8-dimethyl-16-oxa-tricyclo[8.4.2.0<sup>1,11</sup>]hexadeca-3,7-dien-15-one
    —— (4S,4aS,7R,7aR)-7-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-4,4a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one 897043-68-4 C19H32O3S2Si
    (4S,4aS,7R,7aR)-7-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-4,4a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— botcinin H 874362-45-5 C14H22O6
    botcinin H
    —— blumiolide C 866403-78-3 C20H26O4
    blumiolide C
    —— (5S)-5-hydroxyeicosanoic acid lactone 85535-79-1 C20H38O2
    (5S)-5-hydroxyeicosanoic acid lactone
    —— botcinin E 887250-72-8 C20H32O7
    botcinin E
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one 130258-63-8 C23H30O3Si
    (3S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-methyl [5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-2-oxohexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]acetate 879880-44-1 C16H28O5Si
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-methyl [5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-2-oxohexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]acetate
    —— 5-(1-iodo-3-methylbutyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 494803-95-1 C11H19IO2
    5-(1-iodo-3-methylbutyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-[5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]acetic acid 879880-45-2 C15H26O5Si
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-[5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]acetic acid
    —— (5R,6R)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 876152-37-3 C23H30O3Si
    (5R,6R)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— Botcinin F 887250-78-4 C20H32O7
    Botcinin F
    —— (E)-6-((E)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-5-methylhexa-2,4-dienyl)-3-(nitromethylene)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 872496-49-6 C17H25NO5
    (E)-6-((E)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-5-methylhexa-2,4-dienyl)-3-(nitromethylene)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (S)-6-[(S)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 887612-08-0 C26H36O3Si
    (S)-6-[(S)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylselanylbutyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one 163380-28-7 C17H22O3Se
    (3S,4R)-3-[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylselanylbutyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 198420-79-0 C24H52O6Si3
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1R,3R,6S,9R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one 200572-02-7 C29H36O4Si
    (1R,3R,6S,9R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-5-methyl-4-[(1R,2R)-2-[(1S,2S,5R)-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl]-1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 512178-66-4 C22H38O6Si2
    (1R,4S,5S)-5-methyl-4-[(1R,2R)-2-[(1S,2S,5R)-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl]-1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-4-(1-phenyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 332940-47-3 C14H16O2
    3-methyl-4-(1-phenyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2,3-bis-triethylsilanyloxy-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 462099-62-3 C25H54O5Si3
    (S)-5-[(1S,2R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2,3-bis-triethylsilanyloxy-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-epi-14,15-di-nor-13-hydroxy-ent-haliman-18,10β-olide 732306-53-5 C18H30O3
    5-epi-14,15-di-nor-13-hydroxy-ent-haliman-18,10β-olide
    —— (1R,5S,9S,10S)-10-triisopropylsilyloxy-3-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodec-7-ene-4-one 608534-74-3 C20H34O3Si
    (1R,5S,9S,10S)-10-triisopropylsilyloxy-3-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodec-7-ene-4-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-[(E)-Hept-1-enyl]-5-pentenyl-4,5-dihydro-(3H)-furan-2-one 330848-21-0 C16H28O2
    (4R,5S)-4-[(E)-Hept-1-enyl]-5-pentenyl-4,5-dihydro-(3H)-furan-2-one
    —— 5-(bromomethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 180404-70-0 C11H11BrO2
    5-(bromomethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3,3-dimethyl-furan-2,4-dione 158574-33-5 C14H26O4Si
    (R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3,3-dimethyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— (R)-5-(bromomethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1217263-84-7 C11H11BrO2
    (R)-5-(bromomethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [4R,6R,6(1R)]-4-allyl-6-[(1-methyl-2-hydroxy)ethyl]-4H-pyran-2-one 237735-46-5 C11H18O3
    [4R,6R,6(1R)]-4-allyl-6-[(1-methyl-2-hydroxy)ethyl]-4H-pyran-2-one
    —— α-Isobutyl-butyrolacton 13888-02-3 C8H14O2
    α-Isobutyl-butyrolacton
    —— tert-butyl (E)-4-((2R,4R)-2-((R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-oxotetrahydro-2Hpyran-4-yl)but-2-enoate 909257-60-9 C16H26O5
    tert-butyl (E)-4-((2R,4R)-2-((R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-oxotetrahydro-2Hpyran-4-yl)but-2-enoate
    —— (4S,6R)-6-[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one 909257-46-1 C11H18O3
    (4S,6R)-6-[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-[(2R,4S)-6-oxo-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-yl]propanal 909257-49-4 C11H16O3
    (2S)-2-[(2R,4S)-6-oxo-4-prop-2-enyloxan-2-yl]propanal
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-ethenyl-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 878486-65-8 C15H28O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-ethenyl-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-1-(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 256469-67-7 C6H7ClO2
    (1R,5R)-1-(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R,6R)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 515868-86-7 C13H26O4Si
    (4R,5R,6R)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one 863892-27-7 C14H28O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carbaldehyde 476331-50-7 C14H26O4Si
    (2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-((1S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 765942-02-7 C16H32O4Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-((1S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilanyl)oxy]-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 444105-66-2 C13H26O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilanyl)oxy]-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 515868-87-8 C14H28O4Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S,6S)-6-((1S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 765941-23-9 C15H30O5Si
    (3S,4S,5S,6S)-6-((1S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one