内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (2R,2'S,4S,4aR)-4-acetyl-1-bromo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H,3'H-spiro[2,4a-ethanonaphthalene-10,2'-furan]-5',9(4'H)-dione | 1399009-89-2 | C17H19BrO4 |
| —— | (S)-3-(β-cyanomethyl)-oxepan-2-one | 1046202-49-6 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | methyl 4-hydroxymethyl-6,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxa[3.1.0]heptane-1-carboxylate | 764663-02-7 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 8-amino-5-{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy}-5,6-dihydro-5-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]spiro[1H-2-benzopyran-7(3H),2'-[1,3]dioxolan]-3-one | 177285-75-5 | C22H35NO5Si2 |
| —— | opt.inakt. 4,5-Dihydroxy-3,3,6-trimethyl-heptansaeure-5-lacton | 91007-01-1 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 3-Hexanoyl-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 27424-84-6 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | α-Acetyl-α-methyl-δ-isobutyloxy-γ-valerolacton | 93043-91-5 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (4S)-4-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one | 1333379-20-6 | C5H7ClO2 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4-Hydroxy-6-<<(triisopropylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 131702-28-8 | C15H30O4Si |
| —— | α-Acetyl-γ-ethyl-γ-butylbutyrolacton | 3620-26-6 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | α-Hydroxyimino-γ-hexyl-butyrolacton | 3620-31-3 | C10H17NO3 |
| —— | 6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 10084-63-6 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(E,3S)-5-iodo-3-methylhex-4-enyl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one | 808765-95-9 | C14H23IO3 |
| —— | d7-γ-decalactone | 1104979-33-0 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 7S-8-(2-hydroxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I | 118045-46-8 | C12H18O5S |
| —— | (3aR,9aS,9bS)-5',5',9a,9b-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-1H-spiro[naphtho[1,2-c]furan-7,2'-[1,3]dioxan]-1-one | 251305-14-3 | C19H28O4 |
| —— | (+)-(2S,3R,9aS,9bS,11aS)-3,4,5,6,6a,7,9,9a,9b,10,11,11a-dodecahydro-9a,9b-dimethyl-2-{1-methyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl}-3-[(triethylsilyl)oxy]-2H-[2]benzofuro[5,4-f][1]benzopyran-9-one | 671792-23-7 | C32H58O5Si2 |
| —— | 2-(3-chloropropyl)-δ-valerolactone | 79899-34-6 | C8H13ClO2 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,7aS)-3-methoxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-2-benzofuran-1-one | 112945-65-0 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 11alpha,12alpha-EPOXY-3beta,23-DIHYDROXY-30-NOROLEAN-20(29)-EN-28,13beta-OLIDE | 186140-36-3 | C29H42O5 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 321307-04-4 | C11H22O4Si |
| —— | cephalosporolide A | 80460-71-5 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-pentyl-4-vinyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1333313-87-3 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (3aR,4R,6aR)-2,2-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-ylmethyl ester | 84772-57-6 | C19H17ClF4O6 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 103576-62-1 | C24H32O3Si |
| —— | 6-Methyl-3-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydropyran-carbonsaeure-(2)-γ-lacton | 90199-81-8 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-Hydroxymethyl-4-(2-methoxymethoxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 133951-96-9 | C9H16O5 |
| —— | 4-Oxatricyclo<3.3.0.02,8>oct-6-en-3-on | 70396-58-6 | C7H6O2 |
| —— | Dihydro-3-(2-oxobutyl)-2(3H)-furanon | 73642-78-1 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,4S,4aS,7aS,8S,9aS)-3,4,8-Trihydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,4a,7,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-3H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one | 30670-42-9 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | 3-Acetoxy-8β-isobutyroxy-10α-hydroxy-11βH-4-guaien-6α,12-olide | 84537-44-0 | C21H30O7 |
| —— | 4(R)-Benzyloxymethoxy-5(R)-methyl-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone | 152209-21-7 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 5-Cyclohept-1-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96232-79-0 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 1,7-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-8-ene-3,5-dione | 124306-51-0 | C16H26O5Si2 |
| —— | 2-Pentyl-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolid | 35768-21-9 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | Ksfbyyygarymlx-maaihwpmsa- | 125263-74-3 | C23H30O8 |
| —— | [(2R,3R,4R)-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl] acetate | 103560-90-3 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | 4(R)-hydroxynonadecanoic acid, γ lactone | 98303-65-2 | C19H36O2 |
| —— | Secovalerandisaeureanhydrid | 97618-95-6 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | [(5S,7S)-7a-acetyloxy-5,7-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-3a-yl] acetate | 273402-82-7 | C24H44O8Si2 |
| —— | Terebinylalkohol | 97433-20-0 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 5-[1-Methyl-hept-2-yn-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 142337-69-7 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,5S,7S)-1,5,7-Trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-7-carboxylic acid phenethyl-amide | 196861-83-3 | C20H25NO4 |
| —— | (3aα,5aβ,6α,9α,9aα,9bα)-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a,9b-Decahydro-6-methoxy-9,9a-dimethylnaphto<2,1-b>furan-2(1H)-on | 120385-58-2 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,6aR)-3-ethoxy-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1233250-70-8 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 2,5-trans-5-(Iodomethyl)-2-methyltetradecan-5-olide | 76917-13-0 | C16H29IO2 |
| —— | 105666-82-8 | C32H50O4 | |
| —— | 5-methylaminomethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methylamide | 861521-39-3 | C8H14N2O3 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-4-octyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1612796-94-7 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxa-16,18-(1,3-adamantylene)-14,20-cycloeicosanedione | 132574-53-9 | C22H34O7 |
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