内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1R,2S,4S,5S,8S)-4-Bromo-1,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid | 70090-50-5 | C10H13BrO4 |
| —— | Methyl 15-epi-antheridate | 127515-25-7 | C20H24O6 |
| —— | γ,γ-Dimethyl-δ-p-tolyl-δ-valerolacton | 92863-97-3 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 123597-50-2 | C12H13NO5 | |
| —— | 1-Acetyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-6-pentyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>hept-6-en-2-one | 109878-05-9 | C16H24O3 |
| —— | 3,5-dideoxy-4-O-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-di-C-methyl-L-talopyranurono-6,2-lactone ethylene dithioacetal | 113675-92-6 | C12H20O4S2 |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-trimethyl-D-gluconic acid-4-lactone | 103263-76-9 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | 1(R),5(S)-6-hydroxy-2-oxa-bicyclo<3.3.0>oct-3-one | 161024-79-9 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 9-Hydroxy-1,10-dimethyl-5-oxo-decalin-2-carbonsaeure-lacton | 93568-07-1 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | (6aS,10aS)-7,7,10a-Trimethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-decahydro-benzo[h]chromen-2-one | 133232-77-6 | C16H24O2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,9S,10R,11S,12R)-9-hydroxy-10,11-bis(phenylmethoxy)-9-propyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-7-en-3-one | 1018784-63-8 | C28H32O5 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-5-butyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 55229-31-7 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (3aS,6R,6aS,9S,10aS)-9-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-decahydro-1-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalen-2-one | 108886-45-9 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-[1,3]Dithiolan-2-ylmethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 143812-45-7 | C9H14O2S2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-3,4-bis((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1448243-39-7 | C25H50O4Si2 |
| —— | (5RS)-4,5-dihydro-5-<(1SR,2RS)-2-hydroxy-1-iodopropyl>-2(3H)-furanone | 105728-87-8 | C7H11IO3 |
| —— | 3-Chloro-1-oxo-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 55007-89-1 | C12H17ClO4 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 194789-64-5 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (2R,4R)-pantolactone-4-d1 | 90940-34-4 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | Anhydrocyclotagitinin C | 75197-72-7 | C19H22O5 |
| —— | 2-Chloromethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid butyl ester | 60947-41-3 | C10H15ClO4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-dimethylsilanyloxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 134004-73-2 | C27H50O4Si2 |
| —— | (6Z,9R,10E,12S,13R)-13-(2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-ethyl)-9,12-dihydroxyoxacyclotrideca-6,10-dien-2-one | 1384463-74-4 | C30H40O5Si |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-<<2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>carbonyl>-4,5-dimethyl-2(E)-ethylidene-5-pentanolide | 89578-19-8 | C15H26O4Si |
| —— | (1S,3S,5S)-1-(<t-butyldimethylsilyl>oxy)-5-(1,3-dioxa-2-cyclopentyl)-2-methylene-4,4-dimethyl-3,5-cyclohexanecarbolactone | 136611-36-4 | C19H32O5Si |
| —— | (3Ξ,4<i>R</i>)-4-(1,1-dimethyl-allyl)-3-propyl-oxetan-2-one | 58363-27-2 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 4-iodohexahydro-benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 113335-95-8 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | 1,4,7-trioxa-10,12-(1,3-adamantylene)-8,14-cyclotetradecanedione | 132574-51-7 | C18H26O5 |
| —— | 4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 80934-70-9 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 2-Oxetanone, 3-methyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-, (3S-trans)- | 28186-55-2 | C5H5Cl3O2 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-δ-valerolactone | 1105107-74-1 | C12H13ClF8O2 |
| —— | 2c-Benzyl-4t-jod-5c-hydroxy-cyclohexan-1c-carbonsaeure-lacton | 92247-16-0 | C14H15IO2 |
| —— | 4-chloro-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 79743-64-9 | C9H13ClO2 |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-4-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 132994-87-7 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | Lacton von 4β-Hydroxy-17β-propionyloxy-5α-androstan-19-saeure | 4076-73-7 | C22H32O4 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-[(R)-2-((1R,3aR,7aR)-7a-methyl-4-oxo-octahydro-inden-1-yl)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 95722-99-9 | C18H28O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-7<i>c</i>-iodo-3-methyl-(3a<i>r</i>)-hexahydro-3,6-methano-benzofuran-2-one | 99074-80-3 | C10H13IO2 |
| —— | 1217293-31-6 | C16H22O2 | |
| —— | Dihydro-3-(2-oxopentyl)-2(3H)-furanon | 73642-79-2 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 8,9-deoxy-1-alliacolide | 120615-02-3 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | Sodium;2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-sulfonate | 1258210-07-9 | C5H7O5S*Na |
| —— | (5S)-7-methyl-10-propan-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-7,9-diene-2,6-dione | 1399009-51-8 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (5R)-5-chlorooxepan-2-one | 625841-84-1 | C6H9ClO2 |
| —— | (3aS,6R,6aR)-6-iodohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 160080-50-2 | C7H9IO2 |
| —— | <1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-L-threo-tetrofurano>-<3,4-f>-(3S,4S,5R)-4-carboxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexene-5-carboxylic acid 3,4-lactone | 98050-35-2 | C14H16O7 |
| —— | 1226979-50-5 | C11H12O2S | |
| —— | 16β-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-20β<sub>F</sub>-methyl-5α-pregnan-21-oic acid-lactone | 84633-31-8 | C22H30O4 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6R)-tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-6-<(1R,2E)-1-methyl-2-butenyl>-2H-pyran-2-one | 120849-64-1 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 3-Ethoxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 55007-88-0 | C14H22O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5α,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dimethyl-3,8-diphenyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94902-02-0 | C21H20O4 |
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