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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (+/-)-3,7,7-trimethyl-1-oxepan-2-one 1198787-99-3 C9H16O2
    (+/-)-3,7,7-trimethyl-1-oxepan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-[(3R,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid;hydrate 61278-30-6 C6H10O8
    (2S)-2-[(3R,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid;hydrate
    —— (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl propionate 1343403-09-7 C18H24O4
    (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl propionate
    —— dilactone of α,α'-dihydroxyadipic acid 4481-40-7 C6H6O4
    dilactone of α,α'-dihydroxyadipic acid
    —— (S)-3-hydroxybutyrolactone, benzyloxy methyl ether 73991-96-5 C12H14O4
    (S)-3-hydroxybutyrolactone, benzyloxy methyl ether
    —— (+/-)-2-[3-(6-oxo-2-tetrahydropyranyl)propyl]-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane 30658-22-1 C14H24O4
    (+/-)-2-[3-(6-oxo-2-tetrahydropyranyl)propyl]-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane
    —— (3S,3aS,6aS)-3-Methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H10O2
    (3S,3aS,6aS)-3-Methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-8-Cyano-5-hydroxyoctancarbonsaeurelacton 36188-17-7 C9H13NO2
    (+/-)-8-Cyano-5-hydroxyoctancarbonsaeurelacton
    —— 9-methoxyimino-5(S)-hydroxydecanoic acid lactone 35919-90-5 C11H19NO3
    9-methoxyimino-5(S)-hydroxydecanoic acid lactone
    —— 4-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 89030-33-1 C7H10O2
    4-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 8H-Pentaleno(4,3a-b:1,2-c')difuran-2,8(1H)-dione, octahydro-5a,9-dihydroxy-3a,5b,8a-trimethyl-, (3aS,5aS,5bS,8aS,9R,9aS)- 133005-42-2 C15H20O6
    8H-Pentaleno(4,3a-b:1,2-c')difuran-2,8(1H)-dione, octahydro-5a,9-dihydroxy-3a,5b,8a-trimethyl-, (3aS,5aS,5bS,8aS,9R,9aS)-
    —— [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-vinyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 156418-83-6 C7H8O2
    [1S-(1α,4α,5α)]-4-vinyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— E-4-benzylidene-(4H,5H)-2,3-furandione 106203-51-4 C11H8O3
    E-4-benzylidene-(4H,5H)-2,3-furandione
    —— 1-Chlor-c-2-(hydroxymethyl)-t-2-methyl-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropancarbonsaeurelacton 77301-67-8 C12H11ClO2
    1-Chlor-c-2-(hydroxymethyl)-t-2-methyl-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropancarbonsaeurelacton
    —— 5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one 76170-63-3 C8H12O2
    5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one
    —— (1R,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 4350-83-8 C7H10O2
    (1R,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 4-methyl-2-oxepanone 2549-58-8 C7H12O2
    4-methyl-2-oxepanone
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 74035-91-9 C6H9IO2
    (4S,5S)-5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 61405-06-9 C8H12O2
    4-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— 6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-7-one 27873-57-0 C8H12O2
    6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-7-one
    —— 5,5-Dimethyl-4-{[(tributylstannyl)oxy]carbonyl}oxolan-2-one 189079-10-5 C19H36O4Sn
    5,5-Dimethyl-4-{[(tributylstannyl)oxy]carbonyl}oxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-6-methyl-ε-caprolactam 69765-35-1 C7H12O2
    (R)-6-methyl-ε-caprolactam
    —— (R)-7-methyloxepan-2-one 69765-34-0 C7H12O2
    (R)-7-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-dihydro-β-campholenolactone 42370-34-3 C10H16O2
    (+/-)-dihydro-β-campholenolactone
    —— 5-ethyltetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furonitrile 89776-46-5 C7H9NO2
    5-ethyltetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furonitrile
    —— β-campholide 6988-84-7 C10H16O2
    β-campholide
    —— 5-Ethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one 62668-23-9 C9H14O2
    5-Ethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— Camphytolacton 19893-77-7 C9H14O2
    Camphytolacton
    —— 4-methylcyclohexane-1,1-diacetic acid anhydride 85179-92-6 C11H16O3
    4-methylcyclohexane-1,1-diacetic acid anhydride
    —— (+)-(R)-5-methyloxepan-2-one 18951-92-3 C7H12O2
    (+)-(R)-5-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— 8-tert-Butyl-3-methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one 75489-44-0 C14H22O2
    8-tert-Butyl-3-methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-((1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 59263-24-0 C7H12O5
    (R)-5-((1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+)-(R)-5-(tert-butyl)oxepan-2-one 1189750-42-2 C10H18O2
    (+)-(R)-5-(tert-butyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— N-butyl-N-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 1345964-03-5 C10H17NO3
    N-butyl-N-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— (2S,3R)-(-)-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 152612-37-8 C18H32O4
    (2S,3R)-(-)-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (+/-)-rocellaric acid 493-45-8 C19H34O4
    (+/-)-rocellaric acid
    —— 3-[2-(tributylstannyl)allyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1444002-00-9 C19H36O2Sn
    3-[2-(tributylstannyl)allyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 8,9-deoxypicrotoxinin 172172-88-2 C15H16O5
    8,9-deoxypicrotoxinin
    —— 8,9-dihydroxypicrotoxinin 172172-87-1 C15H18O7
    8,9-dihydroxypicrotoxinin
    —— ε-caprylolactone 29094-05-1 C8H14O2
    ε-caprylolactone
    —— 7-propyl-2-oxepanone 16429-19-9 C9H16O2
    7-propyl-2-oxepanone
    —— 7-isopropyl-oxepan-2-one 45895-96-3 C9H16O2
    7-isopropyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— (S)-2-methyl-2-<(E)-2-nitropropenyl>-4-butanolide 172275-32-0 C8H11NO4
    (S)-2-methyl-2-<(E)-2-nitropropenyl>-4-butanolide
    —— 3-(4-ethyl-2-methylhex-2-enyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1321199-90-9 C14H24O2
    3-(4-ethyl-2-methylhex-2-enyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-methyl-3-(2-phenyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1321200-21-8 C19H30O4Si
    3-methyl-3-(2-phenyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-allyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 115094-65-0 C8H12O2
    3-allyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (S)-2-methyl-2-<(E)-2-nitroethenyl>-4-butanolide 102631-83-4 C7H9NO4
    (S)-2-methyl-2-<(E)-2-nitroethenyl>-4-butanolide
    —— 5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbaldehyde 89692-03-5 C6H8O3
    5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-vinyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 114577-84-3 C7H9NO4
    3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-vinyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-ε-caprolactone 55879-32-8 C8H14O2
    2,6-dimethyl-ε-caprolactone