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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-1-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-1-propan-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— (3R,4E)-4-(2-methylpropylidene)-3-propan-2-yloxetan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (3R,4E)-4-(2-methylpropylidene)-3-propan-2-yloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,7R)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (3S,7R)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one
    —— (4S,7R)-7-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (4S,7R)-7-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H14O4
    (1S,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,5S)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (3R,5S)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-hexyl-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (6S)-6-hexyl-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (6R)-6-hexyl-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (6R)-6-hexyl-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,7R)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (3R,7R)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one
    —— (3S,4E)-4-(2-methylpropylidene)-3-propan-2-yloxetan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (3S,4E)-4-(2-methylpropylidene)-3-propan-2-yloxetan-2-one
    —— (2S)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-3,6-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one —— C10H16O2
    (2S)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-3,6-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one
    —— (3S,7S)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (3S,7S)-3-methyl-7-propan-2-yloxepan-2-one
    —— (2R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-3,6-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one —— C10H16O2
    (2R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-3,6-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R,4S,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,6R)-6-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (4S,6R)-6-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,6S)-6-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (4S,6S)-6-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— (5S)-8,8-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one —— C13H22O3
    (5S)-8,8-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one
    —— (5R)-8,8-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one —— C13H22O3
    (5R)-8,8-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one
    —— (5R)-5-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3,3-diethyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    (5R)-5-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3,3-diethyloxolan-2-one
    —— propan-2-yl 2-[(3R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H18O4
    propan-2-yl 2-[(3R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— propan-2-yl 2-[(3R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H18O4
    propan-2-yl 2-[(3R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— [(4R)-4-ethyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C11H16O4
    [(4R)-4-ethyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (3E,5R)-3-benzylidene-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C14H16O2
    (3E,5R)-3-benzylidene-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— propan-2-yl 2-[(3S,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H18O4
    propan-2-yl 2-[(3S,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (3E,5S)-3-benzylidene-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C14H16O2
    (3E,5S)-3-benzylidene-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3,3-diethyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    (5S)-5-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3,3-diethyloxolan-2-one
    —— propan-2-yl 2-[(3S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H18O4
    propan-2-yl 2-[(3S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (3S,4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (3S,4S,5S)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (3S,4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-ethoxy-3-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O3
    (3S,4R)-4-ethoxy-3-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-5-[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO5
    (3R,4R,5R)-5-[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-[(3R)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H13NO4
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-[(3R)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-[(3R)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H13NO4
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-[(3R)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate —— C7H10O4S
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,3aR,6aR)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one —— C7H13N3O3
    (2R,3aR,6aR)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H17NO3
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-pentoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO3
    (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-3-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-3-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-butoxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO3
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-butoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO3
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one