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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C19H24O5
    8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 4-Methyl-5-(7-oxooct-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H20O3
    4-Methyl-5-(7-oxooct-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Marrubiin 13256-49-0 C20H28O4
    Marrubiin
    —— (6,8-dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-5-yl) acetate —— C17H22O6
    (6,8-dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-5-yl) acetate
    —— 5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione —— C15H18O3
    5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— Methyl 2-[8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C27H32O10
    Methyl 2-[8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 5-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O5
    5-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[4-[1-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypent-3-enyl)-4-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-one —— C18H26O5
    5-[4-[1-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypent-3-enyl)-4-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 5,5-dimethyl-14-methylidene-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-9-carboxylate —— C21H30O4
    Methyl 5,5-dimethyl-14-methylidene-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-9-carboxylate
    —— 10-Hydroxy-8-isopropyl-4,4,11a-trimethyl-3,4,11,11a-tetrahydrobenzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyran-2,9-dione —— C20H24O4
    10-Hydroxy-8-isopropyl-4,4,11a-trimethyl-3,4,11,11a-tetrahydrobenzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyran-2,9-dione
    —— 3-(2,3-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-5-dec-9-ynyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 62949-82-0 C23H44O4Si2
    3-(2,3-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-5-dec-9-ynyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (11-Methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H22O6
    (11-Methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-4-one —— C10H14O4
    7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-4-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2,7,7-trimethyl-9-methylidene-4-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,6]dodecan-3-one —— C15H22O3
    5-Hydroxy-2,7,7-trimethyl-9-methylidene-4-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,6]dodecan-3-one
    —— 3-[2-(3,6-dihydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O4
    3-[2-(3,6-dihydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Hepta-3,6-dienyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O2
    5-Hepta-3,6-dienyloxolan-2-one
    —— Y-lactone 2 164353-60-0 C7H10O5
    Y-lactone 2
    —— 5-Hydroxy-4-(8-oxoicos-10-enylidene)-5-propan-2-yloxan-2-one —— C28H48O4
    5-Hydroxy-4-(8-oxoicos-10-enylidene)-5-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— [6-[5-Acetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-2-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate —— C42H56O18
    [6-[5-Acetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-2-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate
    —— 7A-Acetoxy-6_7-Dihydroicetexone —— C22H26O7
    7A-Acetoxy-6_7-Dihydroicetexone
    —— 9-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 92841-76-4 C15H22O3
    9-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-Dodec-11-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H30O3
    3-Dodec-11-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 2-[5-(furan-3-yl)-6,10,12,12-tetramethyl-16-methylidene-3,13-dioxo-4-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.110,14.01,6]heptadecan-11-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C28H36O7
    Methyl 2-[5-(furan-3-yl)-6,10,12,12-tetramethyl-16-methylidene-3,13-dioxo-4-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.110,14.01,6]heptadecan-11-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.03,7]dodec-3-en-11-one —— C15H22O4
    2-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.03,7]dodec-3-en-11-one
    —— (5-decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetaldehyde 36690-60-5 C16H28O3
    (5-decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetaldehyde
    —— 16-(Furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,17-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxatetracyclo[10.7.0.02,8.013,17]nonadeca-3,11-diene-5,10,14-trione —— C25H28O6
    16-(Furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,17-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxatetracyclo[10.7.0.02,8.013,17]nonadeca-3,11-diene-5,10,14-trione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(10-oxo-2-propan-2-ylundecyl)oxolan-2-one —— C19H34O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(10-oxo-2-propan-2-ylundecyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(5-Bromo-2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)-8a-methyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one —— C17H27BrO4
    6-(5-Bromo-2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)-8a-methyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one
    —— (6,8-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H24O6
    (6,8-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— (13-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidene-11-oxo-12-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,5.06,8]tridecan-3-yl) acetate —— C17H22O5
    (13-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidene-11-oxo-12-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,5.06,8]tridecan-3-yl) acetate
    —— 5,7'-bis(3-hydroxybutyl)-7'a-methyl-3'-methylidenespiro[4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-3,5'-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[f][1]benzofuran]-2,2'-dione —— C29H42O6
    5,7'-bis(3-hydroxybutyl)-7'a-methyl-3'-methylidenespiro[4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-3,5'-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[f][1]benzofuran]-2,2'-dione
    —— (1-Methyl-5,11,14-trioxo-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,16-dioxatricyclo[11.2.1.13,6]heptadec-6-en-17-yl) acetate —— C21H26O7
    (1-Methyl-5,11,14-trioxo-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,16-dioxatricyclo[11.2.1.13,6]heptadec-6-en-17-yl) acetate
    —— 14-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethylidene]-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one —— C20H28O4
    14-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethylidene]-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one
    —— (+/-)-heteroplexisolide E —— C13H18O3
    (+/-)-heteroplexisolide E
    —— (14-Hydroxy-3-methyl-9-methylidene-8-oxo-4,7,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.03,5.06,10]hexadec-13(16)-en-11-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    (14-Hydroxy-3-methyl-9-methylidene-8-oxo-4,7,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.03,5.06,10]hexadec-13(16)-en-11-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(17-phenylheptadecyl)oxolan-2-one —— C28H46O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(17-phenylheptadecyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(2,3-Dihydroxypentan-2-yl)-4-[4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)pentan-2-yl]-5-methyl-1,3-oxazinan-2-one —— C22H39NO8
    6-(2,3-Dihydroxypentan-2-yl)-4-[4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)pentan-2-yl]-5-methyl-1,3-oxazinan-2-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-2-prop-1-enyl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-c]pyran-5-one —— C13H20O5
    3,4-Dihydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-2-prop-1-enyl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-c]pyran-5-one
    —— (1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-5'-oxospiro[3,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-5,2'-oxolane]-2-yl) acetate —— C19H30O4
    (1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-5'-oxospiro[3,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-5,2'-oxolane]-2-yl) acetate
    —— 1,7-Dihydroxy-12-methyl-13-propan-2-yl-2,10-dioxatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one —— C15H22O5
    1,7-Dihydroxy-12-methyl-13-propan-2-yl-2,10-dioxatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one
    —— dihydro-2H-pyran-2,5(3H)-dione —— C5H6O3
    dihydro-2H-pyran-2,5(3H)-dione
    —— (5,13-Dimethyl-9,18-dimethylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-12-en-8-yl) acetate —— C22H30O5
    (5,13-Dimethyl-9,18-dimethylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-12-en-8-yl) acetate
    —— Agn-PC-0jpljm 7236-45-5 C26H32O6
    Agn-PC-0jpljm
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-3-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H20O5
    5-(2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-3-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(8-Oxotetradecyl)oxolan-2-one 928213-29-0 C18H32O3
    5-(8-Oxotetradecyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2,3',8-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-methoxyethyl)-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C20H28O9
    2,3',8-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-methoxyethyl)-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one —— C9H16O3
    4-Hydroxy-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-Methyl-5-(5-oxooct-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H20O3
    4-Methyl-5-(5-oxooct-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-thiosemicarbazonopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 303965-77-7 C10H17N3O2S
    5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-thiosemicarbazonopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    6-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione