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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ethane;oxane-2,6-dione —— C7H12O3
    Ethane;oxane-2,6-dione
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[(2S)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxynonyl]-3-decyloxetan-2-one —— C28H56O3Si
    (3S,4S)-4-[(2S)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxynonyl]-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Ethoxy-2-piperazin-1-ylethyl)-10-methyl-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]deca-2,4-dien-7-one —— C18H28N2O3
    3-(1-Ethoxy-2-piperazin-1-ylethyl)-10-methyl-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]deca-2,4-dien-7-one
    —— 3-Chloro-4-hexylimino-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C11H18ClNO3
    3-Chloro-4-hexylimino-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Hexyl-3-[2-(5-mercapto-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C14H23N3O2S
    5-Hexyl-3-[2-(5-mercapto-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatetracyclo[4.3.1.01,8.03,10]decan-2-yl) 2,2-difluoro-3-methoxypropanoate —— C13H14F2O5
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatetracyclo[4.3.1.01,8.03,10]decan-2-yl) 2,2-difluoro-3-methoxypropanoate
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-(azidomethyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]carbamate —— C11H18N4O4
    tert-butyl N-[2-(azidomethyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]carbamate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-propan-2-yloxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C9H14O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-propan-2-yloxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4-Ethenyl-4-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate —— C15H18O4
    (4-Ethenyl-4-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— 4-Methyl-3-propyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    4-Methyl-3-propyloxan-2-one
    —— 2-(3,7-Dioxo-2-propyloxepan-2-yl)sulfanylacetic acid —— C11H16O5S
    2-(3,7-Dioxo-2-propyloxepan-2-yl)sulfanylacetic acid
    —— 4-Undec-2-enyloxetan-2-one —— C14H24O2
    4-Undec-2-enyloxetan-2-one
    —— (4S,6S)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8aR)-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C19H28O3
    (4S,6S)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8aR)-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methylideneurea —— C6H6N2O3
    (2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methylideneurea
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C24H39BO4P2Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 6-[(4-Oxooxetan-2-yl)methyl]oxan-2-one —— C9H12O4
    6-[(4-Oxooxetan-2-yl)methyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-buta-1,3-dienyl-3-methyl-4-pentyloxetan-2-one —— C13H20O2
    (3S,4R)-3-buta-1,3-dienyl-3-methyl-4-pentyloxetan-2-one
    —— Ethane;3-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H16O2
    Ethane;3-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxyoxane-2,6-dione —— C5H6O5
    3,5-Dihydroxyoxane-2,6-dione
    —— 5-(1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H8O6
    5-(1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-(2-Methylpentyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H16O3
    3-(2-Methylpentyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Ethoxy-4-iminooxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO3
    5-Ethoxy-4-iminooxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1R,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1R,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Cyclopentyl-6-[2-[3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C23H30O5
    6-Cyclopentyl-6-[2-[3-methyl-4-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[(3S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl]propanal —— C9H12O7
    3-[(3S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl]propanal
    —— (2R,10R,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione —— C24H30O3
    (2R,10R,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione
    —— (2-Oxooxan-3-yl)methyl formate —— C7H10O4
    (2-Oxooxan-3-yl)methyl formate
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C7H10O5
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(2-thienyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C13H16O3S
    3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(2-thienyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 4'-Ethyl-4'-hydroxyspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-1,7,8,9a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene]-3',9'-dione —— C16H18O6
    4'-Ethyl-4'-hydroxyspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-1,7,8,9a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene]-3',9'-dione
    —— 3-[2-[3-Ethyl-4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C18H21N3O3
    3-[2-[3-Ethyl-4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O4
    5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C25H31BrO2
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-but-1-enyl-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C17H32O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-but-1-enyl-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-propan-2-yloxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C9H14O6
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-propan-2-yloxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3S,5R,6S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-pent-3-en-2-yloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H18O3
    (3S,5R,6S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-pent-3-en-2-yloxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(3R,4R,6R)-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C26H40O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(3R,4R,6R)-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C25H31BrO2
    (4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Butyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C9H14O3
    5-Butyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(3-methylbutoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C11H18O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(3-methylbutoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-(Aminomethyl)oxolan-2-one;ethene —— C7H13NO2
    5-(Aminomethyl)oxolan-2-one;ethene
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-prop-2-enyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,7-dione —— C11H14O4
    1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-prop-2-enyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,7-dione
    —— 3-(2-Tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C16H30O4
    3-(2-Tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Methyl-oxacycloundecan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    4-Methyl-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— (3aR,5R,6aS)-4-(3-oxobutylidene)-5-triethylsilyloxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C17H28O4Si
    (3aR,5R,6aS)-4-(3-oxobutylidene)-5-triethylsilyloxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 8-(5-methylhexan-3-yloxy)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-7-carboxylate —— C18H24F6O5
    1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 8-(5-methylhexan-3-yloxy)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-7-carboxylate
    —— methyl 2-[(1R,3R,5R,9S,10R,13S)-3-ethenyl-1,3,9-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,6-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-10-yl]-2-methylpropanoate —— C21H32O5
    methyl 2-[(1R,3R,5R,9S,10R,13S)-3-ethenyl-1,3,9-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,6-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-10-yl]-2-methylpropanoate
    —— 4-(ethoxymethyl)oxetan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    4-(ethoxymethyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 5-[4-[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-3-methylbutyl]-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C26H34O4Si
    5-[4-[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-3-methylbutyl]-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,5R,6S)-5-bromo-3-tert-butyl-6-fluoro-6-methyloxan-2-one —— C10H16BrFO2
    (3R,5R,6S)-5-bromo-3-tert-butyl-6-fluoro-6-methyloxan-2-one