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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5,9,9-Trimethyl-11-oxatetracyclo[6.4.1.01,7.010,13]tridec-4-ene-6,12-dione —— C15H18O3
    5,9,9-Trimethyl-11-oxatetracyclo[6.4.1.01,7.010,13]tridec-4-ene-6,12-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,6-dione —— C10H16O4
    4-Hydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,6-dione
    —— (15-Hydroxy-6-methylidene-5-oxo-4,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.03,7]heptadec-9-en-8-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    (15-Hydroxy-6-methylidene-5-oxo-4,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.03,7]heptadec-9-en-8-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (5-dec-9-enyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester —— C17H28O4
    (5-dec-9-enyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 7-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one —— C10H14O4
    7-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-icos-19-en-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C25H42O3
    4-Hydroxy-3-icos-19-en-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 7-[8-(2-Butoxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-3-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C30H42O5
    7-[8-(2-Butoxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-3-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 4-Acetyl-7,11-dimethyl-16-methylidene-14-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,7,11-trien-15-one —— C20H26O3
    4-Acetyl-7,11-dimethyl-16-methylidene-14-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,7,11-trien-15-one
    —— 2,5,8,8,11,14,20,21-Octamethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosan-19-one —— C30H50O2
    2,5,8,8,11,14,20,21-Octamethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosan-19-one
    —— 1-Oxa-3-isopropyl-6-methyl-9-isopropenyl-spiro(4,4)nonan-2-one —— C15H24O2
    1-Oxa-3-isopropyl-6-methyl-9-isopropenyl-spiro(4,4)nonan-2-one
    —— 6-Hexadecanolactone —— C16H30O2
    6-Hexadecanolactone
    —— Dodecylmethylsulfoxide —— C15H20O7
    Dodecylmethylsulfoxide
    —— 5-Tetracosyloxolan-2-one —— C28H54O2
    5-Tetracosyloxolan-2-one
    —— 2,7,7,11,12-Pentamethyl-15-(2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecan-5-one —— C27H42O4
    2,7,7,11,12-Pentamethyl-15-(2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecan-5-one
    —— (1,5,9-Trimethyl-14-methylidene-15-oxo-10,16,19-trioxatetracyclo[11.3.2.12,5.09,11]nonadec-2-en-6-yl) acetate —— C22H30O6
    (1,5,9-Trimethyl-14-methylidene-15-oxo-10,16,19-trioxatetracyclo[11.3.2.12,5.09,11]nonadec-2-en-6-yl) acetate
    —— 5,9,14-Trimethyl-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid —— C20H30O4
    5,9,14-Trimethyl-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid
    —— Protulactone B —— C10H14O6
    Protulactone B
    —— 2-Hexyl-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolid 51577-67-4 C11H20O3
    2-Hexyl-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolid
    —— trans-5-Isopropyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    trans-5-Isopropyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 7-Hydroxy-4,6,6,8a-tetramethyl-1,4a,5,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[f][2]benzofuran-3-one —— C15H20O3
    7-Hydroxy-4,6,6,8a-tetramethyl-1,4a,5,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[f][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— methyl 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-8-methyl-6-oxo-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-4-carboxylate 61229-34-3 C12H18O7
    methyl 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-8-methyl-6-oxo-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-4-carboxylate
    —— 5-dec-9-enyl-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 62949-84-2 C18H32O4
    5-dec-9-enyl-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 14-Hydroxy-5,5,10-trimethyl-17-methylidene-6-oxatetracyclo[11.2.2.01,11.04,10]heptadecane-7,15-dione —— C20H28O4
    14-Hydroxy-5,5,10-trimethyl-17-methylidene-6-oxatetracyclo[11.2.2.01,11.04,10]heptadecane-7,15-dione
    —— 3-[2-hydroxy-2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    3-[2-hydroxy-2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (9-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3,2'-oxirane]-7-yl) acetate —— C17H24O6
    (9-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3,2'-oxirane]-7-yl) acetate
    —— [6-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate —— C17H20O6
    [6-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate
    —— 4,6-Dihydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one 541-07-1 C6H10O4
    4,6-Dihydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— Methyl 16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-18-methylidene-8,15,17-trioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,11]octadec-4-ene-1-carboxylate —— C26H34O7
    Methyl 16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-18-methylidene-8,15,17-trioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,11]octadec-4-ene-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-Dodec-10-enoyl-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C19H32O3
    3-Dodec-10-enoyl-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,9a,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,5,7-trione —— C15H14O4
    6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,9a,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,5,7-trione
    —— 12-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-5,6,9-trihydroxy-11-methyl-8,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-13-one —— C20H26O8
    12-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-5,6,9-trihydroxy-11-methyl-8,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-13-one
    —— Nepetefolin 29606-32-4 C22H28O7
    Nepetefolin
    —— 5-Hydroxy-10-methyl-4,12-dioxapentacyclo[7.7.0.01,6.02,13.010,15]hexadec-2-en-11-one —— C15H18O4
    5-Hydroxy-10-methyl-4,12-dioxapentacyclo[7.7.0.01,6.02,13.010,15]hexadec-2-en-11-one
    —— 12-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C15H18O6
    12-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-5-en-3-one —— C20H26O4
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-5-en-3-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O6
    4-Hydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[Hydroxy-[3-(1-hydroxybutyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H20O5
    5-[Hydroxy-[3-(1-hydroxybutyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [8-[2-(4-Hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H38O6
    [8-[2-(4-Hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 1,5-Dimethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,7,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H18O3
    1,5-Dimethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,7,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 5'-(Furan-2-yl)-4,10-dimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C20H22O5
    5'-(Furan-2-yl)-4,10-dimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enyl)-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H30O2
    7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enyl)-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— [1-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-2-(2-methylidene-12-oxospiro[5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecane-7,2'-oxirane]-11-ylidene)ethyl] acetate —— C22H28O7
    [1-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-2-(2-methylidene-12-oxospiro[5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecane-7,2'-oxirane]-11-ylidene)ethyl] acetate
    —— methyl 2-[5-oxo-4-(2,4,4-trimethyl-8-methylidene-3,3a,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-2-yl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C21H32O4
    methyl 2-[5-oxo-4-(2,4,4-trimethyl-8-methylidene-3,3a,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-2-yl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— 3-But-3-enylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H12O3
    3-But-3-enylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 11-Butanoyl-6-butylidene-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,12.02,10.03,7]octadeca-3(7),15-diene-4,17-dione —— C24H28O5
    11-Butanoyl-6-butylidene-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,12.02,10.03,7]octadeca-3(7),15-diene-4,17-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxybutyl)-3-methyloxepan-2-one —— C11H20O4
    4-Hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxybutyl)-3-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— 8-Methyl-4,12-dimethylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one —— C15H20O2
    8-Methyl-4,12-dimethylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylhexa-1,5-dienyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H18O3
    5-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylhexa-1,5-dienyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-13-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-12-methyl-2,10-dioxatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one —— C15H22O6
    3,4-Dihydroxy-13-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-12-methyl-2,10-dioxatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-3-methyl-10-methylidene-4,8,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.03,5.07,11]hexadec-13(16)-ene-9,14-dione —— C15H16O6
    6-Hydroxy-3-methyl-10-methylidene-4,8,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.03,5.07,11]hexadec-13(16)-ene-9,14-dione