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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ethane;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C13H28O2
    Ethane;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 5-Methyl-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H12O3
    5-Methyl-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 12-(Dimethylamino)-3,8-dimethyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C17H23NO5
    12-(Dimethylamino)-3,8-dimethyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— 1,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;butane —— C11H20O2
    1,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;butane
    —— (10R,14S,15S)-10,14-dimethyl-2',7-dioxospiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-3'-carboxylic acid —— C25H30O5
    (10R,14S,15S)-10,14-dimethyl-2',7-dioxospiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-3'-carboxylic acid
    —— 2,2-dimethylpropyl (1S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C15H24O4
    2,2-dimethylpropyl (1S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 5,5-Difluoro-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H4F2O3
    5,5-Difluoro-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 6-[4-[3-[4-(2-Oxooxan-4-yl)butoxy]propoxy]butyl]oxan-2-one —— C21H36O6
    6-[4-[3-[4-(2-Oxooxan-4-yl)butoxy]propoxy]butyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O6
    (5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxyoxan-2-one —— C23H39BrO3Si
    (3R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxyoxan-2-one
    —— (3,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane —— C19H32O4
    (3,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane
    —— (5S)-5-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (5S)-5-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;ethane —— C9H16O2
    1,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;ethane
    —— Ethane;6-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C13H22O2
    Ethane;6-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— 3-Heptan-2-yl-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-one —— C13H24O3
    3-Heptan-2-yl-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-3-[(3R)-3,5,5-trimethylhexylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C14H24O2
    (5R)-5-methyl-3-[(3R)-3,5,5-trimethylhexylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C17H22O2
    (3R,5S)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-propan-2-yl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H14O3
    (5S)-5-propan-2-yl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Acetyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C9H12O3
    4-Acetyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (R)-4,5-Dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione —— C6H8O3
    (R)-4,5-Dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C27H52O4Si2
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-pent-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (5S)-5-pent-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C19H29BrO2
    (3S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxepan-2-one —— C8H14O4
    (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxepan-2-one
    —— 3-[3-[3-[2-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-3-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C16H26O5
    3-[3-[3-[2-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-3-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[azido-[1-(3,3-dihydroxyoxiran-2-yl)spiro[2.5]octan-2-yl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H21N3O5
    (5R)-5-[azido-[1-(3,3-dihydroxyoxiran-2-yl)spiro[2.5]octan-2-yl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-phenylprop-1-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one —— C18H20O3
    4-Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-phenylprop-1-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-(2-hydroxyhexoxy)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C12H20O7
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-(2-hydroxyhexoxy)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[2-(2,6-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C19H28O3
    (4R,6R)-6-[2-(2,6-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 9-(2,2-Dimethylbutanoyloxy)-6-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecane-1-carboxylic acid;(3,9-dimethyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C55H86O13
    9-(2,2-Dimethylbutanoyloxy)-6-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecane-1-carboxylic acid;(3,9-dimethyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— Oxolan-2-one;propane —— C7H14O2
    Oxolan-2-one;propane
    —— [2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)ethyl] 2-chloroacetate —— C8H9ClO7
    [2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl)ethyl] 2-chloroacetate
    —— 4-Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one —— C18H22O3
    4-Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— 1-Methoxy-4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C20H26O4
    1-Methoxy-4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C24H39BO4P2Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-Phenylethyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H15NO2
    3-(2-Phenylethyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-6-(7-oxo-2,12-diphenyltridecan-2-yl)oxan-4-yl]acetic acid —— C32H42O6
    2-[4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-6-(7-oxo-2,12-diphenyltridecan-2-yl)oxan-4-yl]acetic acid
    —— 4-Propyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O3
    4-Propyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-5-phenyl-3-phosphanyloxypent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H26BO4P3
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-5-phenyl-3-phosphanyloxypent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N-[(2S)-6-(methylcarbamoylamino)-1-oxo-1-[2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]oxaziridin-3-yl]hexan-2-yl]carbamate —— C24H34N4O7
    [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] N-[(2S)-6-(methylcarbamoylamino)-1-oxo-1-[2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]oxaziridin-3-yl]hexan-2-yl]carbamate
    —— 7-Methyl-7-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.1.13,9]dodecan-5-one —— C15H24O2
    7-Methyl-7-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.1.13,9]dodecan-5-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C14H16O7
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 4,5,6,7,8,9,10-Heptahydroxyoxecane-2,3-dione —— C9H14O10
    4,5,6,7,8,9,10-Heptahydroxyoxecane-2,3-dione
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonitrile;4,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonitrile;4-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonitrile —— C29H37N3O6
    4,4-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonitrile;4,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonitrile;4-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonitrile
    —— [(2S,4R,8S,9S,10S,12R)-2,8,12-trimethyl-5,13-dioxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-1(14)-en-10-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C21H28O6
    [(2S,4R,8S,9S,10S,12R)-2,8,12-trimethyl-5,13-dioxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-1(14)-en-10-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— (1R,2R,6S,8S,10R)-8-methyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C14H16O5
    (1R,2R,6S,8S,10R)-8-methyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— (4S)-3-[2-[(5R,6R,8aS)-6-ethoxy-5-(ethoxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C25H40O6
    (4S)-3-[2-[(5R,6R,8aS)-6-ethoxy-5-(ethoxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 11-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C19H26O6S
    11-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— 5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H11NO3
    5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-[(2,3,4,5-tetramethylpyrrol-1-yl)methyl]oxan-2-one —— C14H21NO3
    4-Hydroxy-6-[(2,3,4,5-tetramethylpyrrol-1-yl)methyl]oxan-2-one