内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | ((1<i>RS</i>,3<i>SR</i>)-1-hydroxy-<i>p</i>-menth-4(8)-en-3-yl)-acetic acid-lactone | 107057-63-6 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 2,3-seco-friedelane-2,3-dioic acid-anhydride | 119640-72-1 | C30H48O3 |
| —— | 3-(4-Methyl-octyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 93567-58-9 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 67138-21-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3α-Formamino-7α-brom-2-oxo-3aαH,7aαH-octahydro-cumaron | 90673-30-6 | C9H12BrNO3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-1-oxo-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-isobenzofuran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 115399-28-5 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | 4βH,11αH,13-tetrahydroconfertiflorin | 131989-83-8 | C17H26O5 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-3-(2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 107183-98-2 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 107841-77-0 | C13H14O2 | |
| —— | (Z)-5-(1-iodo-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1260160-68-6 | C14H15IO2 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-δ-(2-phenylethynyl)-δ-valerolactone | 1429482-70-1 | C13H12O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-hydroxy-4-(prop-2-enyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 137956-36-6 | C16H28O4Si |
| —— | 8,9-deoxynoralliacolide methyl ether | 101767-05-9 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 2,3,5-Trihydroxy-1,1,2-trimethylcyclopent-3-ylessigsaeure-2-lacton-5-methoxycarbonylcarboxylat | 96847-22-2 | C13H18O7 |
| —— | 5-Hept-(E)-ylidene-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96017-70-8 | C17H22O2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 244612-55-3 | C9H14O5 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-hydroxyhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1151943-97-3 | C32H44O4Si |
| —— | 3-methylene-5-ethoxycarbonyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1016982-85-6 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | (2R,4R,3S)-3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylbutyrolactone | 98512-77-7 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 2-Trichlormethyl-4-n-butylthio-3,1-oxazin-6-on | 40070-08-4 | C9H12Cl3NO2S |
| —— | (11<i>S</i>)-8β-hydroxy-6-oxo-ambrosan-12-oic acid-lactone | 111529-74-9 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | (E)-α-Ethyliden-γ-n-hexyl-γ-butyrolacton | 57025-61-3 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (1S,3S,5S)-5-(1,3-dioxa-2-cyclopentyl)-1-hydroxy-2-methylene-4,4-dimethyl-3,5-cyclohexanecarbolactone | 136611-35-3 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | 4-tert-butyl-6-hexanolacetone | 86317-18-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,7S)-7-Ethoxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 133201-57-7 | C14H20O5 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6S,7S)-7-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one | 124225-12-3 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 3-(bromomethyl)-1,4-dioxocan-5-one | 1401441-55-1 | C7H11BrO3 |
| —— | α-Butylidenvalerolacton | 72653-61-3 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 1187465-89-9 | C126H72O42 | |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R,5R)-4-Acetylamino-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid | 131309-18-7 | C10H15NO5 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R)-6-Benzyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 132435-63-3 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | 4-exo-bromo-4-endo-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one | 58368-15-3 | C8H11BrO2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(3Z,8Z)-(2S,5S,6R,7S,11S,12R,13R,14S)-2,6,12-tris-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-14-hydroxy-5,7,11,13,15-pentamethyl-hexadeca-3,8-dienyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 837383-43-4 | C52H106O7Si4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-7-phenyl-heptansaeure-lacton | 92863-64-4 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | ((5S,6R,9S)-9-Hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-7-en-6-yl)-acetic acid | 97329-74-3 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4,5-Dimethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-pentanolide | 109922-53-4 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | α-Benzyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure-amid | 88612-54-8 | C12H13NO3 |
| —— | 2,7-Dioxo-2H,7H-cyclobuta <1,2-b:4,3-b'> 4,5-dihydro-pyran | 94983-93-4 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | methyl 3,13-dioxa-4,12-diketo-4a,13a-dihomo-5β-cholan-24-oate | 1047651-88-6 | C25H38O6 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-5,8-dihydroxy-cis-3,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydro-naphthalin-carbonsaeure-1,8-lacton | 93692-40-1 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-(Bis-ethylsulfanyl-methyl)-3-methyl-6-((S)-(S)-1-oxiranyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 110087-52-0 | C15H26O3S2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(3Z,8Z,16Z)-(2S,5S,6R,7S,11S,12R,13R,14S,15S)-2,6,12-tris-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-14-hydroxy-5,7,11,13,15-pentamethyl-octadeca-3,8,16-trienyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 837383-52-5 | C54H108O7Si4 |
| —— | (1R,5S,E)-6-hexylidene-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1613445-92-3 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | dihydro-3-(2-propynyloxy)furan-2(2H)-one | 189046-99-9 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 2-oxo-5-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid | 856432-73-0 | C12H10O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-(4<i>r</i>-carboxy-2-oxo-5<i>t</i>-tridecyl-tetrahydro-[3ξ]furylmethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium; iodide | 118978-13-5 | C22H42NO4*I |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-tetrahydro-5-(iodomethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenylfuran-3-carbonitrile | 1304683-96-2 | C13H12INO2 |
| —— | (1S,4R,5S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 137956-60-6 | C13H24O4Si |
| —— | 4-chloro-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 79743-55-8 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | 5-oxadispiro<2.0.4.4>dodecan-6-one | 68197-38-6 | C11H16O2 |
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