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内酯类

内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物,通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

内酯的分类
  1. 按环大小划分:根据内酯环的大小,可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
  2. 按碳原子数划分:依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同,可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
结构特征
  • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
  • 在生物体内,某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化,在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
应用
  1. 医药领域:许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如,四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
  2. 工业化学:内酯作为重要的化工原料,在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
  3. 分析化学与生物传感器:利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测;通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
生物活性
  • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性,如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
  • 在细胞信号传导过程中,内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

总之,内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元,在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— methyl (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H12O4
methyl (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
—— (4S,5R)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2S3
(4S,5R)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (4S)-5,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
(4S)-5,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
—— (5S)-5-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
(5S)-5-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3Z,5S)-3-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2S
(3Z,5S)-3-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3E,4R)-3-(chloromethylidene)-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C9H13ClO2
(3E,4R)-3-(chloromethylidene)-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R,5R)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H7FO3
(3R,5R)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (3S,5R)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O3
(3S,5R)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R,5S)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H7FO3
(3R,5S)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (3E,4S)-3-(chloromethylidene)-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C9H13ClO2
(3E,4S)-3-(chloromethylidene)-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
—— methyl (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C14H16O4
methyl (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
—— (5S)-5-[[(1R)-2-oxocyclopentyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
(5S)-5-[[(1R)-2-oxocyclopentyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (5S)-5-hex-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
(5S)-5-hex-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
—— (5R)-5-ethyl-3-methylidene-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
(5R)-5-ethyl-3-methylidene-5-propyloxolan-2-one
—— (5R)-5-[[(1S)-2-oxocyclopentyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
(5R)-5-[[(1S)-2-oxocyclopentyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (2R,3R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
(2R,3R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
—— methyl 2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C15H18O4
methyl 2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate
—— methyl (3S)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C10H14O4
methyl (3S)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
—— (5R)-5-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
(5R)-5-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (5S)-5-ethyl-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
(5S)-5-ethyl-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
(3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one
—— (5R)-5-ethynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H8O2
(5R)-5-ethynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H12O3
(3R)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxolan-2-one
—— (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(S)-chloro(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H9Cl3O2
(4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(S)-chloro(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
(4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C9H11NO4
(3R)-3-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-methyl-4-methylidene-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
(3R)-3-methyl-4-methylidene-3-propyloxolan-2-one
—— (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-(2-chloropropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9Cl3O2
(4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-(2-chloropropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
—— methyl 2-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C9H14O4
methyl 2-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
—— (5S)-5-[[(1S)-2-oxocyclopentyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
(5S)-5-[[(1S)-2-oxocyclopentyl]methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (5R)-5-hex-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
(5R)-5-hex-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
—— (3aR,9aS)-9a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one —— C11H18O2
(3aR,9aS)-9a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one
—— (4R,5S)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2S3
(4R,5S)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (3aS,9aR)-9a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one —— C11H18O2
(3aS,9aR)-9a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one
—— methyl (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C14H16O4
methyl (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
—— (5S)-5-ethyl-3-methylidene-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
(5S)-5-ethyl-3-methylidene-5-propyloxolan-2-one
—— (3S,5S)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H7FO3
(3S,5S)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (3R,5R)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
(3R,5R)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one
—— (3S)-3-ethyl-3-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H13NO4
(3S)-3-ethyl-3-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (3aR,9aR)-9a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one —— C11H18O2
(3aR,9aR)-9a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one
—— (3S)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H13NO2
(3S)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (3S,5S)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
(3S,5S)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one
—— (5R)-5-ethyl-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
(5R)-5-ethyl-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R,5R)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3R,5R)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (4S)-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
(4S)-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
—— methyl 2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C15H18O4
methyl 2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate
—— (3S)-3-acetyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H12O4
(3S)-3-acetyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-acetyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H12O4
(3R)-3-acetyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
—— methyl 2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C15H18O4
methyl 2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate
—— methyl 2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C9H14O4
methyl 2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate