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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(12-hydroxy-14-methylpentadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O7P
    3-(12-hydroxy-14-methylpentadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-8-methyloxocan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    4-Hydroxy-8-methyloxocan-2-one
    —— 11-Hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(2-oxofuran-3-ylidene)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H24O5
    11-Hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(2-oxofuran-3-ylidene)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 6,13-Dimethyl-16-(methylamino)-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-8-one —— C22H33NO2
    6,13-Dimethyl-16-(methylamino)-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-8-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    5-Hydroxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 13-Ethyl-4,6,10,12-tetramethyl-2,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.2.1.01,3.010,15]octadec-11-ene-17,18-dione —— C22H32O4
    13-Ethyl-4,6,10,12-tetramethyl-2,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.2.1.01,3.010,15]octadec-11-ene-17,18-dione
    —— (6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H22O4
    (6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— (8-chloro-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate —— C20H21ClO6
    (8-chloro-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— (8-Hydroperoxy-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H24O7
    (8-Hydroperoxy-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 4-(Furan-3-yl)-6-methyl-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadec-11(15)-ene-2,10-dione —— C18H18O5
    4-(Furan-3-yl)-6-methyl-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadec-11(15)-ene-2,10-dione
    —— 1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 507-96-0 C10H16O2
    1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methylidene-7-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,6-dione —— C15H18O5
    8-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methylidene-7-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— 2-(4,9-Dihydroxy-1,8,12,16,16-pentamethyl-6-oxo-7-oxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.012,17]nonadecan-5-ylidene)acetaldehyde —— C25H38O5
    2-(4,9-Dihydroxy-1,8,12,16,16-pentamethyl-6-oxo-7-oxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.012,17]nonadecan-5-ylidene)acetaldehyde
    —— 6-Docosyloxan-2-one —— C27H52O2
    6-Docosyloxan-2-one
    —— 9-hydroxy-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O3
    9-hydroxy-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    (4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-octadeca-11,17-dien-9-ynyloxolan-2-one —— C23H36O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-octadeca-11,17-dien-9-ynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-9-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3,6-dione —— C19H28O5
    1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-9-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3,6-dione
    —— (1-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    (1-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione —— C11H18O5
    4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— 5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadec-17-en-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one —— C24H36O3
    5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadec-17-en-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 9-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C21H30O4
    9-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 1-pentanoyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C10H14O3
    1-pentanoyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-octadecyl-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one —— C34H66O2
    3-octadecyl-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one
    —— salinilactone E —— C9H12O3
    salinilactone E
    —— 2-(5-Hexyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid —— C13H20O4
    2-(5-Hexyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
    —— Epoxyparvinolide —— C15H22O3
    Epoxyparvinolide
    —— 2-(2,6-Dioxooxan-4-yl)but-2-enal —— C9H10O4
    2-(2,6-Dioxooxan-4-yl)but-2-enal
    —— 4-Hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyldihydro-2-furanone —— C7H12O3
    4-Hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyldihydro-2-furanone
    —— 5-Ethenyl-2,3,9-trihydroxy-5,11,11-trimethyl-16-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.02,7]hexadec-6-ene-8,15-dione —— C20H26O6
    5-Ethenyl-2,3,9-trihydroxy-5,11,11-trimethyl-16-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.02,7]hexadec-6-ene-8,15-dione
    —— 6-sec-Butyl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one —— C9H16O3
    6-sec-Butyl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,11a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3,9-dione —— C20H26O4
    4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,11a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3,9-dione
    —— γ-ethoxybutyrolactone 932-85-4 C6H10O3
    γ-ethoxybutyrolactone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-(triphenylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one —— C24H24O4Si
    4-Hydroxy-6-(triphenylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 7-[10-(5-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)-2-methylundeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C29H38O5
    7-[10-(5-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)-2-methylundeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— (13-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,11-dioxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.03,7]tridec-5-en-2-yl) 2-methylbutanoate —— C20H26O6
    (13-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,11-dioxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.03,7]tridec-5-en-2-yl) 2-methylbutanoate
    —— 9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpenta-1,3-dienyl)-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O2
    7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpenta-1,3-dienyl)-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 9-hydroperoxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-5,6,8,9,10,11a-hexahydro-4aH-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-one —— C20H28O5
    9-hydroperoxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-5,6,8,9,10,11a-hexahydro-4aH-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-4a-methoxy-3-methyl-3,4,5,5a,7,8,8a,8b-octahydropentaleno[1,2-c]pyran-1,6-dione —— C13H18O6
    4,5-Dihydroxy-4a-methoxy-3-methyl-3,4,5,5a,7,8,8a,8b-octahydropentaleno[1,2-c]pyran-1,6-dione
    —— 5,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,7,11,11a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclodeca[b]furan-2,8-dione —— C15H18O3
    5,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,7,11,11a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclodeca[b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 3-hydroxymethyl-2-(6-methylheptanoyl)-4-butanolide 51311-41-2 C13H22O4
    3-hydroxymethyl-2-(6-methylheptanoyl)-4-butanolide
    —— 8-Chloro-5-(3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl)-12,13-dihydroxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C21H23ClO9
    8-Chloro-5-(3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl)-12,13-dihydroxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— 9-Methyl-14-methylidene-2,6,12-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.1.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-4,7-diene-3,13-dione —— C15H14O5
    9-Methyl-14-methylidene-2,6,12-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.1.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-4,7-diene-3,13-dione
    —— 9-Hydroxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradec-5-ene-4,13-dione —— C15H20O5
    9-Hydroxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradec-5-ene-4,13-dione
    —— 13-Ethenyl-9-methyl-5-methylidene-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-2,14-dione —— C19H24O3
    13-Ethenyl-9-methyl-5-methylidene-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-2,14-dione
    —— 1,5,9-Trimethyl-11,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-one —— C16H24O4
    1,5,9-Trimethyl-11,14,15-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-[2-(6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    4-hydroxy-3-[2-(6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 10-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-6-methylidene-8-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.02,4.05,9]tridecane-7,12-dione —— C15H18O4
    10-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-6-methylidene-8-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.02,4.05,9]tridecane-7,12-dione
    —— 8-hydroperoxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-5,6,8,9,10,11a-hexahydro-4aH-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-one —— C20H28O5
    8-hydroperoxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-5,6,8,9,10,11a-hexahydro-4aH-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-one