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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ethyl N-[(3S)-5-oxo-4,4-dipropyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate —— C13H23NO4
    ethyl N-[(3S)-5-oxo-4,4-dipropyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— sodium;(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8NaO6+
    sodium;(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-phenylacetate —— C12H12O4
    (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-phenylacetate
    —— 6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one —— C6H9FO3
    6-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-3-ylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3S
    (4S)-2-oxo-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-3-ylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-3-ylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3S
    (4R)-2-oxo-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-3-ylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-[2-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H21NO4
    (4S)-N-[2-(furan-2-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(1aR,4S,4aR,5S,6S)-5-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-6-methyl-1,1a,2,3,4,4a,5,6-octahydrocyclopropa[d]naphthalen-4-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1aR,4S,4aR,5S,6S)-5-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-6-methyl-1,1a,2,3,4,4a,5,6-octahydrocyclopropa[d]naphthalen-4-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(Z)-[(4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(Z)-[(4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— [5-(1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] propan-2-yl carbonate —— C11H14O8
    [5-(1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] propan-2-yl carbonate
    —— (4R)-N-[2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C16H21NO3S
    (4R)-N-[2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-[2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C16H21NO3S
    (4S)-N-[2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C20H31N3O4
    (4R)-N-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C20H31N3O4
    (4S)-N-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(E)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-1-pyridin-3-ylethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H21N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-1-pyridin-3-ylethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(E)-[cyano-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H17N3O4S
    [(E)-[cyano-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-1-pyridin-2-ylethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H21N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-1-pyridin-2-ylethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H18N2O3S
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19FN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21ClN2O3
    N-[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-(4-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19BrN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-furan-2-ylmethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H18N2O4
    N-[(E)-furan-2-ylmethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[(E)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H22N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[(E)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide —— C13H19N3O5
    (2E)-2-[1-(3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide —— C10H17N3O3
    (2E)-2-[1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide
    —— 7-(bromomethyl)-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-5-one —— C8H11BrO2
    7-(bromomethyl)-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-5-one
    —— Gluconic acid, gamma-lactone, 2-methoximine, tris(O-trimethylsilyl)- —— C16H35NO6Si3
    Gluconic acid, gamma-lactone, 2-methoximine, tris(O-trimethylsilyl)-
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C10H17N3O2S
    (2E)-2-[1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide —— C13H15N3O3
    (2E)-2-[1-(5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(4-ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide —— C9H15N3O3
    (2E)-2-[1-(4-ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide
    —— 2-(5-Oxo-4-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-isothiourea —— C9H17BrN2O2S
    2-(5-Oxo-4-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-isothiourea
    —— (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2R,3S)-3-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H20O4
    (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2R,3S)-3-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H16F3NO4
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4-Dodecylimino-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C21H37NO2
    4-Dodecylimino-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (2R,3S)-2-heptyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C12H20O4
    (2R,3S)-2-heptyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,5R,8R)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1S,5R,8R)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (1S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate —— C13H18O5
    ethyl (1S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (1S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate —— C13H18O5
    ethyl (1S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(3S,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetaldehyde —— C8H12O3
    2-[(3S,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (4S)-4-ethyl-4-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O2S
    (4S)-4-ethyl-4-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-ethyl-4-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O2S
    (4R)-4-ethyl-4-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— [(E,1S)-1-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]but-2-enyl] acetate —— C10H14O4
    [(E,1S)-1-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]but-2-enyl] acetate
    —— (1R,2R,6E,11R)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradec-6-ene-4,12-dione —— C14H16O4
    (1R,2R,6E,11R)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradec-6-ene-4,12-dione
    —— (1R,2R,6E,11S)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradec-6-ene-4,12-dione —— C14H16O4
    (1R,2R,6E,11S)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradec-6-ene-4,12-dione
    —— (3S)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H12O3
    (3S)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4S,6R,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one —— C15H22O3
    (1S,4S,6R,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one
    —— (3E,5S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C22H34O3
    (3E,5S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one