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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one —— C19H34O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (8-hydroxy-3,6-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylate —— C18H22O6
    (8-hydroxy-3,6-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) hydrogen sulfate —— C15H16O7S
    (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) hydrogen sulfate
    —— 8,9-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C17H26O6
    8,9-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2,7,7,11,15-pentamethyl-6,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.013,18]nonadeca-13(18),14-diene-5,17-dione —— C21H28O6
    3-Hydroxy-2,7,7,11,15-pentamethyl-6,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.013,18]nonadeca-13(18),14-diene-5,17-dione
    —— (5,6,8-trihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H22O7
    (5,6,8-trihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— Methyl 5-(furan-3-yl)-2-[3-[6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxan-3-ylidene]propyl]pent-2-enoate —— C21H28O6
    Methyl 5-(furan-3-yl)-2-[3-[6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxan-3-ylidene]propyl]pent-2-enoate
    —— capilliplactone 5803-57-6 C5H8O4
    capilliplactone
    —— 6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— d,l-Methylcamphanat 91422-68-3 C11H16O4
    d,l-Methylcamphanat
    —— 3-[5-Hydroxy-5,9,12-trimethyl-10-oxo-3-(2-oxopropyl)-2,11-dioxatricyclo[6.4.1.04,13]tridecan-12-yl]prop-2-enal —— C20H28O6
    3-[5-Hydroxy-5,9,12-trimethyl-10-oxo-3-(2-oxopropyl)-2,11-dioxatricyclo[6.4.1.04,13]tridecan-12-yl]prop-2-enal
    —— Methyl 3-methyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-ene-8-carboxylate —— C16H20O5
    Methyl 3-methyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-ene-8-carboxylate
    —— 3-Methanimidoyloxane-2,4-dione —— C6H7NO3
    3-Methanimidoyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3,11-Dihydroxy-10-methyl-4-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxapentacyclo[8.3.2.22,5.01,9.02,7]heptadec-6-ene-8-carboxylic acid 34327-25-8 C19H22O6
    3,11-Dihydroxy-10-methyl-4-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxapentacyclo[8.3.2.22,5.01,9.02,7]heptadec-6-ene-8-carboxylic acid
    —— 7-Hydroxy-6'-methyl-10-methylidene-2,11-dioxospiro[3-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,2'-cyclohexane]-1'-carbaldehyde —— C19H24O5
    7-Hydroxy-6'-methyl-10-methylidene-2,11-dioxospiro[3-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,2'-cyclohexane]-1'-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-4-propyl-2H-furan-5-one —— C14H20O5
    3-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-4-propyl-2H-furan-5-one
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-5-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C16H22O6
    4-(1-Hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-5-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 10-Hydroxy-20-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5,9,9,13,20-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosa-3,16-dien-23-one —— C30H44O4
    10-Hydroxy-20-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5,9,9,13,20-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosa-3,16-dien-23-one
    —— Ballotiquinone —— C20H22O7
    Ballotiquinone
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione —— C10H16O5
    4,5-Dihydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— 5-[Furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-5,7,11,11-tetramethyl-8,15-dioxospiro[12,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,7]heptadecane-6,3'-oxirane]-2'-carboxylic acid —— C26H32O9
    5-[Furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-5,7,11,11-tetramethyl-8,15-dioxospiro[12,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,7]heptadecane-6,3'-oxirane]-2'-carboxylic acid
    —— 5,8-Dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O4
    5,8-Dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 7,11,14,20-Tetrahydroxy-4,13,17-trimethyl-3,9-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.01,5.04,10.013,18]icos-16-ene-8,15-dione —— C21H28O8
    7,11,14,20-Tetrahydroxy-4,13,17-trimethyl-3,9-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.01,5.04,10.013,18]icos-16-ene-8,15-dione
    —— 9-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-1-enyl)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H30O4
    9-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-1-enyl)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 4-ethenyl-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,8-dimethylidene-5,5a,8a,8b-tetrahydro-3aH-furo[2,3-g][1]benzofuran-2,7-dione —— C15H16O5
    4-ethenyl-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,8-dimethylidene-5,5a,8a,8b-tetrahydro-3aH-furo[2,3-g][1]benzofuran-2,7-dione
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)oxan-2-one —— C13H16O4
    3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-icosa-15,19-dien-11,13-diynyloxolan-2-one —— C25H36O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-icosa-15,19-dien-11,13-diynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1,5,8-Trimethyl-1,3a,4,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione —— C15H20O3
    1,5,8-Trimethyl-1,3a,4,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradec-11-enylideneoxolan-2-one —— C19H32O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradec-11-enylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,10-dimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione —— C15H18O4
    6-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,10-dimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione
    —— 7-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-14-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-2-oxa-13-azatricyclo[11.2.1.01,5]hexadecane-3,8,16-trione —— C22H31NO7
    7-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-14-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-2-oxa-13-azatricyclo[11.2.1.01,5]hexadecane-3,8,16-trione
    —— 5-[[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C13H26O4Si
    5-[[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 13-Hydroxy-5,5,13-trimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-16-one —— C18H28O3
    13-Hydroxy-5,5,13-trimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-16-one
    —— 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4,15-trimethyl-8,13-dioxapentacyclo[10.6.1.02,10.04,9.015,19]nonadec-10-ene-7,14-dione —— C20H26O6
    2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4,15-trimethyl-8,13-dioxapentacyclo[10.6.1.02,10.04,9.015,19]nonadec-10-ene-7,14-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-9-methyl-14-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.04,6]tetradec-9-en-13-one —— C14H18O4
    2-Hydroxy-9-methyl-14-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.04,6]tetradec-9-en-13-one
    —— (7,12-Dihydroxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-5-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl) acetate —— C17H26O6
    (7,12-Dihydroxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-5-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl) acetate
    —— 6-(Furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-5,15,15,19-tetramethyl-7,16-dioxapentacyclo[12.3.2.01,12.02,10.05,9]nonadeca-9,18-diene-8,17-dione —— C25H28O6
    6-(Furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-5,15,15,19-tetramethyl-7,16-dioxapentacyclo[12.3.2.01,12.02,10.05,9]nonadeca-9,18-diene-8,17-dione
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4,10a-Dimethyl-7-methylidene-8-oxo-1a,2,3,6,6a,7,8,9a,10,10a-decahydrooxireno[8,9]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-6-yl acetate —— C17H22O5
    4,10a-Dimethyl-7-methylidene-8-oxo-1a,2,3,6,6a,7,8,9a,10,10a-decahydrooxireno[8,9]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-6-yl acetate
    —— 5a-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O4
    5a-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 2,2,4-Trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one —— C10H14O2
    2,2,4-Trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one
    —— 1,10-Dihydroxy-2,5,5,12-tetramethyl-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.03,6]dodecan-9-one —— C15H22O4
    1,10-Dihydroxy-2,5,5,12-tetramethyl-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.03,6]dodecan-9-one
    —— 6-Acetyl-11-ethenyl-6,11,13-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one —— C19H28O3
    6-Acetyl-11-ethenyl-6,11,13-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one
    —— 7-Ethenyl-2,5,6-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undecane-9,10-dione —— C15H20O3
    7-Ethenyl-2,5,6-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undecane-9,10-dione
    —— 3-(12-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O7P
    3-(12-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-[3-(6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C21H32O5
    4-hydroxy-3-[3-(6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 13'-Hydroxy-13'-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-8'-methylspiro[oxolane-3,5'-tetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.04,8]pentadecane]-2-one —— C21H32O5
    13'-Hydroxy-13'-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-8'-methylspiro[oxolane-3,5'-tetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.04,8]pentadecane]-2-one
    —— 2-Methyl-7,12-dimethylidene-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.02,4.06,10]tetradecan-8-one —— C15H18O3
    2-Methyl-7,12-dimethylidene-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.02,4.06,10]tetradecan-8-one