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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— botryolide B 1005344-35-3 C10H14O4
    botryolide B
    —— rac-(Z)-7,9-dimethyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydrooxonin-2(3H)-one 1392283-80-5 C10H16O2
    rac-(Z)-7,9-dimethyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydrooxonin-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(2-methylene-hept-6-ynyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 204510-40-7 C13H18O3
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(2-methylene-hept-6-ynyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione-2,3,4,5-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub> 1428899-02-8 C11H10O3
    6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione-2,3,4,5-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub>
    —— 6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione-4,5-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub> 1428899-01-7 C11H10O3
    6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione-4,5-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>
    —— 4-<(carboxymethoxy)imino>-1-methyl-8-oxo-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.1>nonane 80721-96-6 C11H15NO5
    4-<(carboxymethoxy)imino>-1-methyl-8-oxo-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.1>nonane
    —— (2-ethoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester 635706-32-0 C10H15NO5
    (2-ethoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester
    —— 1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-4,8-dione 80721-95-5 C9H12O3
    1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-4,8-dione
    —— (3aR,7S,8aS,Z)-7-methyl-6-vinyl-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2(7H)-one 862387-28-8 C12H16O2
    (3aR,7S,8aS,Z)-7-methyl-6-vinyl-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2(7H)-one
    —— (3SR,4RS,5SR)-3-allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3SR,4RS,5SR)-3-allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (5S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 479196-23-1 C13H26O3Si
    (5S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-(trimethylsilyl)heptanolide 127973-99-3 C10H20O2Si
    2-(trimethylsilyl)heptanolide
    —— 2-(trimethylsilyl)octanolide 127974-01-0 C11H22O2Si
    2-(trimethylsilyl)octanolide
    —— 4-spirocyclohexane-3-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 69573-50-8 C15H18O2
    4-spirocyclohexane-3-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-(Z)-(1'-Bromo-6'-methylheptylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 161093-56-7 C13H20Br2O2
    α-(Z)-(1'-Bromo-6'-methylheptylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-(Z)-(1'-Bromo-6'-methylheptylidene)-β-(hydroxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 161094-06-0 C13H21BrO3
    α-(Z)-(1'-Bromo-6'-methylheptylidene)-β-(hydroxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,5S)-3-methyl-5-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1613041-14-7 C12H14O2
    (3S,5S)-3-methyl-5-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1613041-24-9 C12H13ClO2
    (3R,5S)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— anti-3-ethyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C12H14O2
    anti-3-ethyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1613041-13-6 C12H14O2
    (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— rac-5-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-3-nitrocyclooctanecarboxylic acid lactone 129967-71-1 C12H19NO4
    rac-5-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-3-nitrocyclooctanecarboxylic acid lactone
    —— (1S,4R)-2-Oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one 5732-97-8 C6H8O2
    (1S,4R)-2-Oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 6-bromo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one 1092973-97-1 C6H7BrO2
    6-bromo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 4-(1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one-d7 1391598-60-9 C9H9Cl2F3O2
    4-(1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one-d7
    —— methyl (S)-6-(2-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate 666720-61-2 C23H33NO7
    methyl (S)-6-(2-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (R)-6-(2-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate 666720-60-1 C23H33NO7
    methyl (R)-6-(2-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— (6R)-6-((4R,5S)-5-((S)-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxypentyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 900792-57-6 C21H40O5Si
    (6R)-6-((4R,5S)-5-((S)-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxypentyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-acetic chloride 60551-21-5 C6H7ClO3
    5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-acetic chloride
    —— (3aR,4R,9aS)-4-Hydroxy-2,2,5-trimethyl-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-6-one 212071-66-4 C12H16O5
    (3aR,4R,9aS)-4-Hydroxy-2,2,5-trimethyl-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-6-one
    —— antirrhinolide 212208-45-2 C9H12O5
    antirrhinolide
    —— (R)-2-(4-methylene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetaldehyde 1338471-98-9 C7H8O3
    (R)-2-(4-methylene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetaldehyde
    —— 2,2,3',3',6-pentamethyl-3-oxaspiro<bicyclo<4.2.0>octane-8,2'-oxiran>-4-one 87408-35-3 C13H20O3
    2,2,3',3',6-pentamethyl-3-oxaspiro<bicyclo<4.2.0>octane-8,2'-oxiran>-4-one
    —— 7-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-3-one 82881-10-5 C16H30O3Si
    7-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-3-one
    —— 2,6-dioxa-spiro[3.4]octan-7-one 6811-44-5 C6H8O3
    2,6-dioxa-spiro[3.4]octan-7-one
    —— 4,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 261375-15-9 C6H10O4
    4,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-Allyloxy-6-phenethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 117285-91-3 C16H20O3
    (4R,6R)-4-Allyloxy-6-phenethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-ethenyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 1207861-80-0 C8H12O2
    (4R)-4-ethenyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5(R)-[1(S)-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-phenylethyl]-3(R)-(cyclopropylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 155295-71-9 C22H34O3Si
    5(R)-[1(S)-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-phenylethyl]-3(R)-(cyclopropylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,5-diethyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one 66950-90-1 C9H14O2
    5,5-diethyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-hydroxymethylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-one 434313-66-3 C8H8O3
    3-hydroxymethylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-one
    —— 3-(6(S)-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3(R)-yloxymethylene)-3,3a(R),4,5,6,7,8,8b(S)-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one 185222-69-9 C22H24O5
    3-(6(S)-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3(R)-yloxymethylene)-3,3a(R),4,5,6,7,8,8b(S)-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— trans-2-methylhexan-4-olide —— C7H12O2
    trans-2-methylhexan-4-olide
    —— Spiro(furan-2(5H),2'-tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decan)-5-one,dihydro-4-methylene- 74513-11-4 C14H18O2
    Spiro(furan-2(5H),2'-tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decan)-5-one,dihydro-4-methylene-
    —— 3-Methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecan-2-one 52978-86-6 C11H16O2
    3-Methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecan-2-one
    —— 3-Methylene-5-((E)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 98061-43-9 C8H10O2
    3-Methylene-5-((E)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-C-methyl-D-threono-1,4-lactone 18548-45-3 C5H8O4
    2-C-methyl-D-threono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,7-dioxatetracyclo[ 7.3.1.0(2,6).0(6,13)]tridecan-3-one 1315247-22-3 C14H20O4
    2-hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,7-dioxatetracyclo[ 7.3.1.0(2,6).0(6,13)]tridecan-3-one
    —— 4-isopropyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone 29044-01-7 C8H12O2
    4-isopropyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone
    —— 5-Dodec-11-enyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one 98061-44-0 C17H28O2
    5-Dodec-11-enyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-{(2E,4E)-6-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy]-1,1-dimethyl-2,4-hexadienyl}-3-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone 428438-76-0 C17H26O5
    5-{(2E,4E)-6-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy]-1,1-dimethyl-2,4-hexadienyl}-3-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone