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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate —— C17H20O6
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate
    —— [(3R,3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate —— C17H20O6
    [(3R,3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate —— C17H20O6
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate
    —— [(3R,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate —— C17H20O6
    [(3R,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] methyl carbonate
    —— (3S)-3-bromo-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H11BrO2
    (3S)-3-bromo-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-bromo-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H11BrO2
    (3R)-3-bromo-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-N-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C11H19NO3
    (3S)-N-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R)-N-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C11H19NO3
    (3R)-N-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl) (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H25NO4
    (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl) (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl) (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H25NO4
    (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl) (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxamide —— C15H19NO3
    (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (14R)-14-phenyl-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione —— C19H22O3
    (14R)-14-phenyl-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione
    —— (14S)-14-phenyl-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione —— C19H22O3
    (14S)-14-phenyl-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (6S)-9,9-dimethyl-6-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione —— C17H20O3
    (6S)-9,9-dimethyl-6-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione
    —— (6R)-9,9-dimethyl-6-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione —— C17H20O3
    (6R)-9,9-dimethyl-6-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    (1R,4S)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (16R)-16-phenyl-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione —— C21H26O3
    (16R)-16-phenyl-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione
    —— (16S)-16-phenyl-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione —— C21H26O3
    (16S)-16-phenyl-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione
    —— (2R,4R)-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C13H22O5
    (2R,4R)-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,4R)-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C13H22O5
    (2S,4R)-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,4S)-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C13H22O5
    (2R,4S)-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R)-N-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C14H17NO3
    (3R)-N-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-N-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C14H17NO3
    (3S)-N-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (5S)-4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H12O4
    (5S)-4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H12O4
    (5R)-4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (1R,2S,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1R,2S,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— ethyl (3S,4R)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate —— C13H17NO4
    ethyl (3S,4R)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,4S)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate —— C13H17NO4
    ethyl (3S,4S)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,4R)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate —— C13H17NO4
    ethyl (3R,4R)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate
    —— (4R)-3-imino-4-[2-(propan-2-ylideneamino)phenyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H14N2O2
    (4R)-3-imino-4-[2-(propan-2-ylideneamino)phenyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-N,N-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C11H19NO3
    (3R)-N,N-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— [[2-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea —— C8H13N3O3S
    [[2-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea
    —— (3R,4R)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H22O3
    (3R,4R)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— [[2-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea —— C8H13N3O3S
    [[2-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea
    —— (3R,4S)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H22O3
    (3R,4S)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— [[2-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea —— C8H13N3O3S
    [[2-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetyl]amino]thiourea
    —— (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H22O3
    (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H14BrClO3
    (5R,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H14BrClO3
    (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H23NO4
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-1-(4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C16H26N2O3
    (1S,4R)-1-(4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4S)-N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H17N3O3
    (1R,4S)-N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H17N3O3
    (1S,4R)-N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H31NO3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N,N-diethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (1R,4S)-N,N-diethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N,N-diethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (1S,4R)-N,N-diethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide