内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (-)-(S)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 111138-02-4 | C10H10O2 |
|
| —— | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 74397-28-7 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 4-(6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)butanoic acid | 110719-99-8 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | (3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one | 1374751-24-2 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 4-bromomethyl-β-lactone | 33282-42-7 | C4H5BrO2 |
|
| —— | olean-12α-hydroxy-3-ε-lacton-28-oic acid γ-lactone | 1255647-22-3 | C30H46O5 |
|
| —— | (2S,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide | 117141-71-6 | C5H8O4 |
|
| —— | cis-3-chlorodihydro-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone | —— | C10H9ClO2 |
|
| —— | trans-3-chlorodihydro-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone | 72406-99-6 | C10H9ClO2 |
|
| —— | 3,4-dimethyl-3-phenyl-γ-valerolactone | 90691-70-6 | C13H16O2 |
|
| —— | 2-chloro-4-octylbutyrolactone | 72925-00-9 | C12H21ClO2 |
|
| —— | 3,3-dichloro-5,5-diethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 89344-97-8 | C8H12Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 6,6-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione | 84465-82-7 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | (2S,3R)-5-Eth-(E)-ylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid | 10407-74-6 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 117624-93-8 | C20H40O4Si2 |
|
| —— | <i>D</i>-<i>glycero</i>-<i>D</i>-<i>talo</i>-heptonic acid 4-lactone | 15397-09-8 | C7H12O7 |
|
| —— | artabsinolide D | 81907-04-2 | C15H22O5 |
|
| —— | artabsinolide C | 81907-05-3 | C15H22O5 |
|
| —— | teugnaphalodin | 101416-45-9 | C20H26O7 |
|
| —— | biocartol | 350699-93-3 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | 1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 28973-92-4 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 7-[(Ξ)-furfuryliden-oxepan-2-one | 99865-42-6 | C11H12O3 |
|
| —— | Cycloprop[6,7]indeno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one, 6-(acetyloxy)decahydro-7a-hydroxy-4a,7-dimethyl-3-methylene- | 13048-24-3 | C17H22O5 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-7-(2'-acetoxyethyl)-2-oxepanone | 92016-30-3 | C10H16O4 |
|
| —— | (S)-β-acetoxy-γ-butyrolactone | 19405-98-2 | C6H8O4 |
|
| —— | ω-acetoxyl-4-phenyl-γ-pentanolactone | 1355616-68-0 | C13H14O4 |
|
| —— | 1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-2-one | 507-96-0 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 111056-61-2 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (4Z,4aS,7Z,9R,11aR)-9-hydroxy-4-((E)-4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylene-4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3(1H)-one | 1120358-56-6 | C20H28O4 |
|
| —— | L-threo-2,3-hexodiulosono-1,4-lactone | 490-83-5 | C6H6O6 |
|
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-vinyl-dihydrofuran-2-one | 160308-93-0 | C23H28O3Si |
|
| —— | L-dehydroascorbic acid | 490-83-5 | C6H6O6 |
|
| —— | 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolacton | —— | C5H8O3 |
|
| —— | (1S,4S,5S)-4-iodo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 123536-66-3 | C7H9IO2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)oxan-2-one | 132895-34-2 | C14H18O3 |
|
| —— | 2,3-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-D-threo-pentono-1,4-lactone | 106820-50-2 | C22H28O3Si |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyheptadecan-4-olide | 144763-47-3 | C23H46O3Si |
|
| —— | (2R,3R,4S)-5-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-pentanolide | 106820-52-4 | C22H28O4Si |
|
| —— | (5S)-5-[(2S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyundecyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one | 190380-57-5 | C25H48O4Si |
|
| —— | (5R)-5-[(2S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyundecyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one | 190380-56-4 | C25H48O4Si |
|
| —— | (4S,5S,8S,9S)-9-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5,8-epoxyhenicosan-4-olide | 287185-34-6 | C27H52O4Si |
|
| —— | 6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>-oct-3-en-7-one | 4720-83-6 | C7H8O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid (S)-pantolactone ester | 127604-94-8 | C13H18O4 |
|
| —— | (5S)-(5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one | 62396-80-9 | C11H22O3Si |
|
| —— | (2aS,3S,6aS,6bS)-3-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]hexahydro-2H-1,4-dioxa-4a-azacyclopenta[cd]pentalen-2-one | 882032-61-3 | C9H13NO5 |
|
| —— | α-mercaptomethyl-β-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 98162-81-3 | C11H12O2S |
|
| —— | 4-ethyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one | 4288-03-3 | C6H10O2 |
|
| —— | (4R)-4-(1,1-dichloroheptyl)oxetan-2-one | 101392-67-0 | C10H16Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(1,1-Dichloropropyl)oxetan-2-one | 105952-80-5 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(chloromethyl)-4-methyloxetan-2-one | 10358-99-3 | C5H7ClO2 |
|
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