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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R,6S)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one —— C6H7F3O4
    (4R,6S)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (4S,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one —— C6H7F3O4
    (4S,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C22H24N2O3
    (1R,4S)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C22H24N2O3
    (1S,4R)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3S,4R)-4-(2-chloroprop-2-enyl)-3-[(E,1S)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H15ClO3
    (3S,4R)-4-(2-chloroprop-2-enyl)-3-[(E,1S)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5aR,6aS,7aS,11aR,11bR)-hexahydro-5,5,7a,11b-tetramethyl-5H,6aH-oxepino<4,3-f>oxireno<g><1>benzopyran-3,9(2H,10H)-dione —— C17H24O5
    (5aR,6aS,7aS,11aR,11bR)-hexahydro-5,5,7a,11b-tetramethyl-5H,6aH-oxepino<4,3-f>oxireno<g><1>benzopyran-3,9(2H,10H)-dione
    —— (4aR,7R,7aR)-4a-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C12H20O2
    (4aR,7R,7aR)-4a-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4aS,7aR)-7a-ethenyl-3,4a-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C12H18O2
    (3R,4aS,7aR)-7a-ethenyl-3,4a-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,3R,5S,10R,11R)-5,11,16,16-tetramethyl-2,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[9.5.0.01,3.05,10]hexadecane-7,14-dione —— C17H24O5
    (1S,3R,5S,10R,11R)-5,11,16,16-tetramethyl-2,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[9.5.0.01,3.05,10]hexadecane-7,14-dione
    —— (3AS,6AR)-6A-Bromo-3,3,5,5-tetramethylhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[C]furan-1-one —— C11H17BrO2
    (3AS,6AR)-6A-Bromo-3,3,5,5-tetramethylhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[C]furan-1-one
    —— (3S,4aS,7aR)-7a-ethenyl-3,4a-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C12H18O2
    (3S,4aS,7aR)-7a-ethenyl-3,4a-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4AS,7S,7AS)-3,7-Dimethyl-7A-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)hexahydrocyclopenta[B]pyran-2(3H)-one —— C14H22O2
    (3S,4AS,7S,7AS)-3,7-Dimethyl-7A-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)hexahydrocyclopenta[B]pyran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4aS,7aS)-7a-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2(3H)-one —— C12H18O2
    (4aS,7aS)-7a-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3aR,3bS,4S,4aS,5aS)-2-oxooctahydrocyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C9H10O3
    (3aR,3bS,4S,4aS,5aS)-2-oxooctahydrocyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one —— C10H16O2
    (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one —— C10H16O2
    (3R)-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— N-(1-adamantylmethyl)-N-methyl-3-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanamide —— C19H29NO3
    N-(1-adamantylmethyl)-N-methyl-3-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanamide
    —— N-(1-adamantylmethyl)-N-methyl-3-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanamide —— C19H29NO3
    N-(1-adamantylmethyl)-N-methyl-3-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanamide
    —— (2R,3R)-N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carbohydrazide —— C15H18N2O4
    (2R,3R)-N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carbohydrazide
    —— (2S,3R)-N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carbohydrazide —— C15H18N2O4
    (2S,3R)-N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carbohydrazide
    —— (2R,3S)-N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carbohydrazide —— C15H18N2O4
    (2R,3S)-N'-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carbohydrazide
    —— [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,4aR,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1S,4aR,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,4aS,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1S,4aS,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H19N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (4R)-4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H15ClO3
    (4R)-4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    (3R,3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aR,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    (3R,3aR,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,3aR,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    (3S,3aR,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H26N3O3+
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H26N3O3+
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— ethyl (3R,4S,5S)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H15NO4
    ethyl (3R,4S,5S)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,4R,5R)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H15NO4
    ethyl (3R,4R,5R)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-hexyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [hydroxy-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]methyl-dimethylazanium —— C7H15NO4P+
    [hydroxy-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]methyl-dimethylazanium
    —— (dimethylazaniumyl)methyl-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphinate —— C7H14NO4P
    (dimethylazaniumyl)methyl-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphinate
    —— [hydroxy-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]methyl-dimethylazanium —— C7H15NO4P+
    [hydroxy-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]methyl-dimethylazanium
    —— (8S)-8-phenyl-5,11-dioxa-2-azatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1,3(7)-diene-6,10-dione —— C15H11NO4
    (8S)-8-phenyl-5,11-dioxa-2-azatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1,3(7)-diene-6,10-dione
    —— N-[1-(2-oxo-dihydro-furan-3-ylidene)-ethyl]-acetamide —— C8H11NO3
    N-[1-(2-oxo-dihydro-furan-3-ylidene)-ethyl]-acetamide
    —— (1R,2R,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C11H15O4-
    (1R,2R,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1R,2R,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1R,2R,5R)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— ethyl (3R,4S)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate —— C13H17NO4
    ethyl (3R,4S)-4-cyano-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate
    —— [(2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C10H18N2O2S
    [(2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(2R,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C10H18N2O2S
    [(2R,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— (4S)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4S)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4R)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] adamantane-1-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] adamantane-1-carboxylate