内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1415894-22-2 | C18H24O2 | |
| —— | 8-Dimethoxymethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one | 52035-71-9 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (5S,6S)-6,7-epoxy-5-hydroxypentanoic-1,5-lactone | 115798-08-8 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 130733-86-7 | C22H28O3Si |
| —— | (E)-3-(chloro(phenyl)methylene)-5-(4-tolyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1392484-92-2 | C18H15ClO2 |
| —— | γ,δ,δ-Trimethyl-δ-valerolacton | 28525-60-2 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (6aS,9R,9aR)-9-Hydroxy-9-methyl-6-methylene-4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 100342-95-8 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5R,6aS)-ethyl-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-phenylhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-76-8 | C18H22O5 |
| —— | 20-hydroxy-3-methylamino-pregnan-18-oic acid lactone | 6879-41-0 | C22H35NO2 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-3-(3'-oxo-1'-phenylbutyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one | 1353763-36-6 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | 2,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-<(1-methyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)methyl>-2-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester | 60972-00-1 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | 17-norcrassin | 123412-06-6 | C19H30O4 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxepanone | 862424-19-9 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 6-isopropoxy-5-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyr-2-one | 118528-14-6 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (3R)-3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuranyl) 8aβ-methyl-1-oxo-8α-(trimethylsilyl)oxy-2,3,8,8α-tetrahydro-4(5H)-azulenecarboxylate | 152979-10-7 | C21H30O6Si |
| —— | 2-isopropyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 408325-69-9 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (E)-α-(1'-chlorobenzylidene)-β-ethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 1019264-89-1 | C13H13ClO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-[(1S,5S,6R)-1-butyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl]carbamate | 1431611-22-1 | C20H33NO6 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-6,7-epoxy-5-hydroxypentanoic-1,5-lactone | 130005-77-5 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 3,3-Dideutero-4,4,6-trimethyl-δ-valerolacton | 54004-31-8 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (E)-4-heptylidene-3-hexyloxetan-2-one | 872631-13-5 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | methyl (E)-5-(furan-3-yl)-2-[(3E)-3-[(6R)-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxan-3-ylidene]propyl]pent-2-enoate | 1007370-99-1 | C21H28O6 |
| —— | 3-(4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyoxolan-2-one | 1072455-15-2 | C13H23NO4 |
| —— | 5-acetyl-3-butyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65329-06-8 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | S-(4-iodobutyl) 2-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)ethanethioate | 1186226-80-1 | C11H17IO3S |
| —— | (+)-(3aR,5S,8bS)-5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 60132-74-3 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-6<i>t</i>-chloro-5<i>t</i>-hydroxy-1ξ-methoxy-3-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-4<i>t</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 94216-46-3 | C10H13ClO6 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid (R)-3-((2R,3S)-5-oxo-3-vinyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-3-phenyl-propyl ester | 405144-49-2 | C20H26O4 |
| —— | (3E)-3-(cyclohexylmethylidene)oxolan-2-one | 66909-46-4 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 120417-22-3 | C25H44O4Si |
| —— | 2H-Cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one, octahydro-8a-methyl- | 113280-01-6 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,6S,7S)-7-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-en-9-one | 188964-85-4 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 2,7-dioxa-4,9-divinylspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 123489-21-4 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 4-exo-carbomethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>non-6-en-3-one | 111026-09-6 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (Z)-α-heptylidene-γ-butyrolactone | 66909-48-6 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-3-(1-methyl-4-phenylbut-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one | 1106935-15-2 | C17H20O3 |
| —— | 4,4,7,7-Tetramethyl-oxepane-2,5-dione | 108904-96-7 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | dihydro-furan-2,3-dion-3-(<i>O</i>-acetyl oxime ) | 118633-87-7 | C6H7NO4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4S,5R,7R)-7-<(1R,3RS)-3-(t-Butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-(diethoxyphosphonylacetoxy)-4-<(1S,2S,4S)-2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-1-yl>butyl>-4-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-1,2,7-trimethylbicyclo<3.2.1>octan-6-one | 123427-57-6 | C43H79O12PSi |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R,8S)-4-Amino-8-bromo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 82194-17-0 | C7H8BrNO2 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 64027-94-7 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-5-oxo-2-(1E-pentenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 1035867-90-3 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (S)-3-acetyl-3-((R)-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1236562-51-8 | C14H15NO5 |
| —— | 119769-75-4 | C13H16O3 | |
| —— | (3R,3aR,4aR,5R,8aR,8bR)-3-ethoxy-5-hydroxy-4a,8,8,8a-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-c]furan-1-one | 603129-20-0 | C17H28O4 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-allyl-3-azidodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1383977-12-5 | C7H9N3O2 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3-tetradecyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 94078-65-6 | C19H36O2 |
| —— | 6-Oxa-spiro[3.4]octane-5,8-dione | 110680-27-8 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 3α-(hydroxymethyl)-1α-methyl-1β-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohex-4-ene-2β-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 71028-81-4 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-[[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile | 1597415-95-6 | C19H37NO4Si2 |
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