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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— dihydro-3-cyano-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2(3H)-furanone 97191-16-7 C9H13NO2
    dihydro-3-cyano-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1R*,5S*)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester 856432-35-4 C16H18O4
    (1R*,5S*)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester
    —— (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 869210-37-7 C18H38O4Si2
    (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C11H12O2
    4-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-4-methyl-pentanolide 63142-59-6 C8H10Cl2O2
    3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-4-methyl-pentanolide
    —— 4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 1292278-53-5 C11H18O3
    4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— 1-epi-pathylactone A 140165-43-1 C14H22O4
    1-epi-pathylactone A
    —— 3-hydroxy-3,4,4-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 170996-47-1 C7H12O3
    3-hydroxy-3,4,4-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 28525-62-4 C8H14O2
    6-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-(2,2-Dimethoxyethyl)dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone 192180-29-3 C10H18O4
    4-(2,2-Dimethoxyethyl)dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (2S,4S)-4-nitro-4-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]-2-propan-2-ylbutanoyl chloride 1310055-51-6 C14H22ClNO5
    (2S,4S)-4-nitro-4-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]-2-propan-2-ylbutanoyl chloride
    —— (5S)-5-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-1-phenylmethoxypyrrolidin-2-one 1297610-75-3 C15H17NO4
    (5S)-5-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-1-phenylmethoxypyrrolidin-2-one
    —— [(1S,3S)-3-bromomethyl-1-((2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-furanidin-2-yl)-4-methylpentyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1236548-90-5 C19H34BrNO4
    [(1S,3S)-3-bromomethyl-1-((2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-furanidin-2-yl)-4-methylpentyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (S)-5-Hydroxymethyl-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 325740-55-4 C8H14O3
    (S)-5-Hydroxymethyl-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— [(1S,3S)-3-hydroxymethyl-1-((2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-furanidin-2-yl)-4-methylpentyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 173154-04-6 C19H35NO5
    [(1S,3S)-3-hydroxymethyl-1-((2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-furanidin-2-yl)-4-methylpentyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2,4-diacetyl-3-oxo-pentanedioic acid anhydride 10386-63-7 C9H8O6
    2,4-diacetyl-3-oxo-pentanedioic acid anhydride
    —— 3-acetyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4,6-trione 33524-90-2 C7H6O5
    3-acetyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4,6-trione
    —— cis-5-(iodomethyl)-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H11IO2
    cis-5-(iodomethyl)-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-89-6 C15H26O4
    (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-8-hydroxy-6-octanoic acid lactone 41979-97-9 C8H12O2
    (Z)-8-hydroxy-6-octanoic acid lactone
    —— (3S,3aR,7S,8aS,Z)-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2(7H)-one 862387-29-9 C13H18O2
    (3S,3aR,7S,8aS,Z)-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2(7H)-one
    —— (3aR,7S,8aS)-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1035901-59-7 C13H16O2
    (3aR,7S,8aS)-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— cis-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic anhydride 6054-16-6 C7H8O3
    cis-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic anhydride
    —— 3-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>nonane-2,4-dione 4355-31-1 C8H10O3
    3-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>nonane-2,4-dione
    —— (R,R')-tetrahydro<2,2'-bifuran>-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione 129213-64-5 C8H10O4
    (R,R')-tetrahydro<2,2'-bifuran>-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione
    —— (2R,2'R,4R,4'R)-4,4'-diisopropyl-tetrahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione 1309922-64-2 C14H22O4
    (2R,2'R,4R,4'R)-4,4'-diisopropyl-tetrahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione
    —— (3R,5R)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-[(2R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one 1309922-62-0 C14H22O6
    (3R,5R)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-[(2R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-ethyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 38840-97-0 C8H12O4
    2-ethyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (S)-δ-dodecalactone 108943-47-1 C12H22O2
    (S)-δ-dodecalactone
    —— (4SR,5SR)-4-methyl-5-prop-2'-yl-δ-valerolactone —— C9H16O2
    (4SR,5SR)-4-methyl-5-prop-2'-yl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (4RS,5SR)-4-methyl-5-prop-2'-yl-δ-valerolactone —— C9H16O2
    (4RS,5SR)-4-methyl-5-prop-2'-yl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 5-allyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 69492-28-0 C8H12O2
    5-allyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— γ-fluoro-γ-valerolactone 90421-50-4 C5H7FO2
    γ-fluoro-γ-valerolactone
    —— 5-ethynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one 124099-85-0 C7H8O2
    5-ethynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,2S)-2-[(S)-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)]-5-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (R)-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester 439076-55-8 C20H32O5
    (1S,2S)-2-[(S)-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)]-5-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (R)-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester
    —— 5,5'-Dioxo-2,2'-dimethyl-2,2',3',4',5,5'-hexahydro-2,3'-difuryl 19918-24-2 C10H12O4
    5,5'-Dioxo-2,2'-dimethyl-2,2',3',4',5,5'-hexahydro-2,3'-difuryl
    —— α-methylene-γ-octalactone 26449-03-6 C9H14O2
    α-methylene-γ-octalactone
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-yl]-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 958075-66-6 C8H12O5
    (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-yl]-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (-)-(R)-4-hexyloxepan-2-one 1612797-07-5 C12H22O2
    (-)-(R)-4-hexyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3S,3aS,5aR,6R,9aR,9bS)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione 313072-54-7 C15H20O5
    (3S,3aS,5aR,6R,9aR,9bS)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— cis-2,4-dibenzylglutaric anhydride 105129-11-1 C19H18O3
    cis-2,4-dibenzylglutaric anhydride
    —— α-acetoxy-γ-butyrolactone 19405-99-3 C6H8O4
    α-acetoxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-acetoxy-ε-caprolactone 87532-16-9 C8H12O4
    α-acetoxy-ε-caprolactone
    —— α-acetoxy-δ-valerolactone 87532-10-3 C7H10O4
    α-acetoxy-δ-valerolactone
    —— 2,3,5-tri-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone 92512-25-9 C23H50O5Si3
    2,3,5-tri-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone
    —— 1,3a,5a,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']difuran-2,7-dione 913706-88-4 C10H10O4
    1,3a,5a,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']difuran-2,7-dione
    —— 5-methyloxepan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    5-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolacton 1823341-55-4 C5H7ClO3
    2-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 38996-24-6 C5H8O3
    (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 86220-10-2 C6H8O2
    β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone