内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3,5-bis(tert-butyl-diphenylsilyloxy)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-1-oxoribose | 924264-45-9 | C37H42F2O4Si2 |
|
| —— | 3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-1-oxoribose | 95058-78-9 | C17H34F2O4Si2 |
|
| —— | (3R,4S,5S)-3-methyl-4-(nitromethyl)-5-undecyloxolan-2-one | 1452900-14-9 | C17H31NO4 |
|
| —— | 3-Oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 14208-48-1 | C8H10O4 |
|
| —— | dihydro-3-cyano-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone | 102681-95-8 | C13H21NO2 |
|
| —— | 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxydecyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one | 261357-16-8 | C48H66O5Si2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 167968-03-8 | C7H12O4 |
|
| —— | 3,3-diethyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 827017-69-6 | C10H18O3 |
|
| —— | (S)-4-isopropyl tetrahydropyran-2-one | 61949-74-4 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | dihydromikanolide | 23758-04-5 | C15H16O6 |
|
| —— | 3,5,6-trideoxy-6-phenyl-D-gulono-1,4-lactone | 1262043-22-0 | C12H14O3 |
|
| —— | (5SR,6SR)-5,6-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 24405-15-0 | C7H12O2 |
|
| —— | 6-methyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 16332-62-0 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-isopilopic acid | 487-72-9 | C7H10O4 |
|
| —— | (+)-isopilopic acid | 1195158-00-9 | C7H10O4 |
|
| —— | 3,5,7-trimethyloxepan-2-one | —— | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | (R,S)-5-formyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 27620-83-3 | C5H6O3 |
|
| —— | Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1(3H)-one | 5732-99-0 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | 6-bromo-6-deoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone | 161085-43-4 | C6H9BrO5 |
|
| —— | 6-bromo-6-deoxy-D-galactono-1,4-lactone | 161085-33-2 | C6H9BrO5 |
|
| —— | γ-Methyl,γ-n-Propylbutyrolacton | 3284-93-3 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | dipropyl-5,5 oxa-4,10 endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 | —— | C15H22O2 |
|
| —— | (4R,5S,Z)-3-butylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1417335-38-6 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | 6-methyl-3-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 90124-77-9 | C12H14O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethyl ester | 192864-48-5 | C19H23NO5 |
|
| —— | dihydro-3-chloropropylfuran-2(3H)-one | 19446-81-2 | C7H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | 5-(tert-butyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 21175-44-0 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | 2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 5724-61-8 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | 4-nonylidene-3-octyl-oxetan-2-one | 58712-53-1 | C20H36O2 |
|
| —— | γ-(5-norbornen-2-yl)methyl-γ-butyrolactone | 391241-43-3 | C12H16O2 |
|
| —— | O-ethyl S-1-(ethylthio)-2-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethyl carbonodithioate | 1263775-95-6 | C11H18O3S3 |
|
| —— | 7,9,9-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro-<4,5>-6-decen-2-one | 144648-11-3 | C12H18O2 |
|
| —— | (3R,4S)(-) eldanolide | 85505-80-2 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,5R,6S)-6-Diethoxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo-[3,3,0]octan-3-one | 69691-56-1 | C12H20O4 |
|
| —— | α-cyano-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 59909-84-1 | C7H9NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-cyano-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 76263-39-3 | C6H7NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-Ethyl-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one | 65757-11-1 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-5-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Methobromid | 166942-31-0 | Br*C8H16NO2 |
|
| —— | 3H,6H-3a,8b-Methano-1H-indeno[4,5-c]furan-4-carboxaldehyde,5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-1-oxo- (9CI) | 2212-99-9 | C15H18O4 |
|
| —— | r-4,t-5-dibromo-c-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 1424-35-7 | C5H6Br2O2 |
|
| —— | α-cyclohexylcarbonyl-γ-butyrolactone | 58688-33-8 | C11H16O3 |
|
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 258264-45-8 | C11H18O2 |
|
| —— | 4'-methylcyclohexanespiro-3'-(tetrahydrofuran)-2'-one | 82918-80-7 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 3-chloromethyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 205528-11-6 | C10H15ClO2 |
|
| —— | 2-oxaspiro<3.5>nona-1-one | 2313-04-4 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | 3-ethyl-4-methyl-oxetan-2-one | 114592-79-9 | C6H10O2 |
|
| —— | 6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]dihydropyran-2,4-dione | 625445-17-2 | C18H22O4 |
|
| —— | 3-Isopropyloxetan-2-one | 25250-54-8 | C6H10O2 |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,5R,6R)-6-methyl-2,7-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-6-carboxylate | 124225-08-7 | C10H12O5 |
|
| —— | (3S)-{[(1S)-1-ethyl-3-trimethylsilylpropynyl]oxy}tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 488703-65-7 | C12H20O3Si |
|
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