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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R)-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxetan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (4R)-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— ethyl (3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C13H14O4
    ethyl (3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]acetonitrile —— C7H9NO3
    2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]acetonitrile
    —— 2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]acetonitrile —— C7H9NO3
    2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]acetonitrile
    —— (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H5Cl3O2
    (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H12O3
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H12O3
    (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H12O3
    (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H12O3
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Isopropenyl-3-methyloxepan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    6-Isopropenyl-3-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— N-benzyl-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    N-benzyl-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-benzyl-N-(2-cyanoethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H24N2O3
    N-benzyl-N-(2-cyanoethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[2-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)amino]ethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C22H32N2O6
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[2-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)amino]ethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-phenylethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H22N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-phenylethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C19H24N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H18N2O3S
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-(furan-2-ylmethylideneamino)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H18N2O4
    N-(furan-2-ylmethylideneamino)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-pyridin-2-ylethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H21N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-pyridin-2-ylethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[1-(furan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O4
    N-[1-(furan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H19N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21ClN2O3
    N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21FN2O3
    N-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19FN2O3
    N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H19N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H22N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H19N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(4-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19BrN2O3
    N-[(4-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-(benzylideneamino)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20N2O3
    N-(benzylideneamino)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H27NO3
    N-[2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H27NO5
    N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H28N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-hexadecyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C26H47NO3
    N-hexadecyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 1,2,2,3-Tetramethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one —— C10H16O2
    1,2,2,3-Tetramethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 3-bromoadamantane-1-carboxylate —— C15H19BrO4
    (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 3-bromoadamantane-1-carboxylate
    —— α,α-bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyl-2,4-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)-p-xylene —— C36H38O6
    α,α-bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyl-2,4-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)-p-xylene
    —— 3-[1-(hexylamino)ethylidene]-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H21NO3
    3-[1-(hexylamino)ethylidene]-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [1-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [1-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— [3-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [3-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— 5-methyl-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylamino)methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10N4O2
    5-methyl-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylamino)methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9FO4
    (3R,4S,5S)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9FO4
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[1-(butylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO3
    3-[1-(butylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 7-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-iodo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.03,8]decan-5-one —— C10H13IO3
    7-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-iodo-4-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.03,8]decan-5-one
    —— 3-Bromo-3,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C7H11BrO2
    3-Bromo-3,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,6R,6aS,9bS)-4-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,6a,7-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8(3H,9bH)-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3aR,4R,6R,6aS,9bS)-4-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,6a,7-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8(3H,9bH)-dione
    —— (1S,4R)-N-[(E)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    (1S,4R)-N-[(E)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,7S,8S,8AR)-1,2,3,7,8,8A-Hexahydro-7-methyl-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-HY droxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-YL]ethyl]-1-naphthalenol —— C18H26O4
    (1S,7S,8S,8AR)-1,2,3,7,8,8A-Hexahydro-7-methyl-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-HY droxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-YL]ethyl]-1-naphthalenol
    —— ethyl (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    ethyl (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate
    —— 10-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-iodo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one —— C10H13IO3
    10-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-iodo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one