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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ethyl 4,4-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-1-carboxylate —— C13H20O4
    ethyl 4,4-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3Z)-3-(chloromethylidene)oxetan-2-one —— C4H3ClO2
    (3Z)-3-(chloromethylidene)oxetan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carbonyl chloride —— C6H3ClO4
    (1S,5R)-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carbonyl chloride
    —— (Z)-α-Butylidenvalerolacton 61203-13-2 C9H14O2
    (Z)-α-Butylidenvalerolacton
    —— 3,6-dimethyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    3,6-dimethyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one
    —— 2,2-Dimethylbutanoic Acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-3-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl Ester —— C25H38O7
    2,2-Dimethylbutanoic Acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-3-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl Ester
    —— N-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H20N2O3S
    N-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(1R)-2,2,4-trimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-3-yl]acetaldehyde —— C12H16O3
    2-[(1R)-2,2,4-trimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-3-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— 4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-oxido-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-2-ium-6-one —— C7H9NO5
    4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-oxido-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-2-ium-6-one
    —— 4-Prop-2-enyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C10H14O2
    4-Prop-2-enyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— sodium;5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H10NaO4+
    sodium;5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— sodium;(3E)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C5H6NaO3+
    sodium;(3E)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— sodium;(3Z)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H8NaO3+
    sodium;(3Z)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— sodium;3-(hydroxymethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H8NaO3+
    sodium;3-(hydroxymethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— sodium;3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H12NaO3+
    sodium;3-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— N-(1-adamantylmethyl)-N-[[17-[2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetyl]-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C51H65ClFNO6
    N-(1-adamantylmethyl)-N-[[17-[2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetyl]-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-hexyl-glutaric acid-anhydride —— C11H18O3
    3-hexyl-glutaric acid-anhydride
    —— (3-methyl-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C15H22O4
    (3-methyl-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 3-[C-methyl-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)carbonimidoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10N4O2
    3-[C-methyl-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)carbonimidoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3',5'-Dihydrodiol Simvastatin —— C25H40O7
    3',5'-Dihydrodiol Simvastatin
    —— tert-butyl N-[(1S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]pentyl]carbamate —— C19H35NO5
    tert-butyl N-[(1S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]pentyl]carbamate
    —— (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,8aR)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,8aR)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    3,5-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— N-[[17-[2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetyl]-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C43H55ClFNO6
    N-[[17-[2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetyl]-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-[2-(2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C15H22O2
    3-[2-(2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C13H21N3O2S
    5-hexyl-3-[(5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [1-(3,8,8-Trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H19N3O4S
    [1-(3,8,8-Trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 2-Oxo-2a,3,3a,5a,6,6a,6b,6c-octahydro-2H-1-oxa-dicyclopenta[cd,gh]pentalene-3-carboxylic acid 51149-58-7 C12H12O4
    2-Oxo-2a,3,3a,5a,6,6a,6b,6c-octahydro-2H-1-oxa-dicyclopenta[cd,gh]pentalene-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4-oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[6.3.0.02,6.03,11]undec-9-en-7-yl) acetate —— C12H12O4
    (4-oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[6.3.0.02,6.03,11]undec-9-en-7-yl) acetate
    —— 2-Oxo-2a,3,3a,5a,6,6a,6b,6c-octahydro-2H-1-oxa-dicyclopenta[cd,gh]pentalene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 57700-70-6 C13H14O4
    2-Oxo-2a,3,3a,5a,6,6a,6b,6c-octahydro-2H-1-oxa-dicyclopenta[cd,gh]pentalene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-ethenyl-6-phenylselanyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C15H16O2Se
    4-ethenyl-6-phenylselanyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— N-[[17-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C44H63NO7
    N-[[17-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4-Benzyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide —— C24H27NO4
    4-Benzyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid butylamide —— C18H23NO4
    3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid butylamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide —— C18H23NO4
    3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide —— C15H17NO4
    3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide —— C17H19NO4
    3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-ethyl)-amide —— C17H21NO5
    3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-ethyl)-amide
    —— 4-(1,5-Dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide —— C18H29NO4
    4-(1,5-Dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-oxo-2-phenethyl-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide —— C25H29NO4
    3-Hydroxy-5-oxo-2-phenethyl-4-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide —— C18H23NO4
    3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide
    —— 4-(1,5-Dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide —— C25H35NO4
    4-(1,5-Dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-phenethyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide
    —— (R)-5-{(6S,11S)-6,11-Dihydroxy-11-[(2S,5S)-5-((S)-1-hydroxy-dodecyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-undecyl}-3-{2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-propyl}-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C34H63NO7
    (R)-5-{(6S,11S)-6,11-Dihydroxy-11-[(2S,5S)-5-((S)-1-hydroxy-dodecyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-undecyl}-3-{2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-propyl}-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— Sodium;2-{2-[2,6-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-butyryloxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl]-ethyl}-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-olate —— C24H35O5-
    Sodium;2-{2-[2,6-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-butyryloxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl]-ethyl}-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-olate
    —— (5S)-5-[7-[(2R,5S)-5-[(1S,4S)-1,4-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyundecyl]oxolan-2-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-yl]heptyl]-3-(2-nitrosopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C37H67NO8
    (5S)-5-[7-[(2R,5S)-5-[(1S,4S)-1,4-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyundecyl]oxolan-2-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-yl]heptyl]-3-(2-nitrosopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(11R)-11-hydroxy-11-[(2R,5S)-5-[(2S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyundecyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]undecyl]-3-(2-nitrosopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C37H67NO7
    (5S)-5-[(11R)-11-hydroxy-11-[(2R,5S)-5-[(2S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyundecyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]undecyl]-3-(2-nitrosopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [(1R,3S,7S,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1R,3S,7S,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— α-bromo-α-(trifluoroacetyl)-γ-butyrolactone 1379380-67-2 C6H4BrF3O3
    α-bromo-α-(trifluoroacetyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— a-Bromo-a-trifluoroacetyl-g-butyrolactone, hydrate —— C6H6BrF3O4
    a-Bromo-a-trifluoroacetyl-g-butyrolactone, hydrate
    —— α-bromo-α-(trifluoroacetyl)-δ-valerolactone —— C7H6BrF3O3
    α-bromo-α-(trifluoroacetyl)-δ-valerolactone