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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [8-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate —— C19H20Cl2O7
    [8-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate
    —— 5-Ethylidene-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxan-2-one 38965-49-0 C9H14O3
    5-Ethylidene-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O5
    4-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3-Hydroxy-4,8,12-trimethyl-15-methylidene-14-oxo-13,18-dioxatricyclo[10.3.2.14,7]octadec-8-en-11-yl) acetate —— C22H32O6
    (3-Hydroxy-4,8,12-trimethyl-15-methylidene-14-oxo-13,18-dioxatricyclo[10.3.2.14,7]octadec-8-en-11-yl) acetate
    —— (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide 106357-04-4 C5H8O4
    (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide
    —— 1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,6,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,6,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3'-(1-methoxyethylidene)-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C21H28O9
    2-Hydroxy-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-3'-(1-methoxyethylidene)-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— (10-Hydroxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-13-methylidene-14-oxo-15,18-dioxatricyclo[10.3.2.12,5]octadec-8-en-6-yl) acetate —— C22H32O6
    (10-Hydroxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-13-methylidene-14-oxo-15,18-dioxatricyclo[10.3.2.12,5]octadec-8-en-6-yl) acetate
    —— 5-[5-(Furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C21H24O4
    5-[5-(Furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-dodeca-1,3,5-trienyl-3-hydroxy-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one —— C20H30O3
    2-dodeca-1,3,5-trienyl-3-hydroxy-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one
    —— [1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-8-methoxy-3,6-dioxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl] acetate —— C21H30O6
    [1-(2,6-Dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-8-methoxy-3,6-dioxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl] acetate
    —— (9-Methyl-3,6-dimethylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O5
    (9-Methyl-3,6-dimethylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 9a-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H16O4
    9a-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 6-Hydroxyaplysistatin —— C15H21BrO4
    6-Hydroxyaplysistatin
    —— 3-(Furan-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C16H20O4
    3-(Furan-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 3-Dodeca-9,11-diynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H22O3
    3-Dodeca-9,11-diynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— Epi-dihydropseudoivalin —— C15H22O3
    Epi-dihydropseudoivalin
    —— (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H18O5
    (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 5,10,13-Trihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O6
    5,10,13-Trihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 2,7,8,12-Tetrahydroxy-6,7,13-trimethyl-4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.06,10]tetradecan-3-one —— C15H22O7
    2,7,8,12-Tetrahydroxy-6,7,13-trimethyl-4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.06,10]tetradecan-3-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)oxan-2-one —— C14H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 3,6-dimethyl-4,9,10-trihydroxy-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-1-one 74838-18-9 C11H18O5
    3,6-dimethyl-4,9,10-trihydroxy-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-1-one
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,11-dioxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.03,7]tridec-5-en-13-yl) 2-methylbutanoate —— C20H26O6
    (2-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,11-dioxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.03,7]tridec-5-en-13-yl) 2-methylbutanoate
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-4-(1-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C15H18O6
    5-(2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-4-(1-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4a-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate —— C20H24O6
    (4a-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxyoct-2-enyl)-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H22O3
    5-(4-Hydroxyoct-2-enyl)-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (17-Formyl-8-hydroxy-10,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-15-oxo-7,14-dioxapentacyclo[7.6.2.11,4.06,16.013,17]octadec-6(16)-en-2-yl) acetate —— C22H26O7
    (17-Formyl-8-hydroxy-10,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-15-oxo-7,14-dioxapentacyclo[7.6.2.11,4.06,16.013,17]octadec-6(16)-en-2-yl) acetate
    —— 7-(Furan-3-yl)-3,9-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one —— C15H18O3
    7-(Furan-3-yl)-3,9-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one
    —— 12-Hydroxy-8,12-dimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one —— C15H22O3
    12-Hydroxy-8,12-dimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one
    —— 8-[2-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylidene-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C20H30O3
    8-[2-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylidene-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 5-(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-3-tetradecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C24H43O6P
    5-(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-3-tetradecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 4-Carboethoxy-4-hydroxy-butyrolactone —— C7H10O5
    4-Carboethoxy-4-hydroxy-butyrolactone
    —— 3,4,5,7,11-Pentahydroxy-8-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-9,13-dioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.01,5.06,11]pentadecan-14-one —— C16H24O9
    3,4,5,7,11-Pentahydroxy-8-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-9,13-dioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.01,5.06,11]pentadecan-14-one
    —— 5-[4-(5-Methoxy-3-oxo-2-pent-2-enylcyclopenten-1-yl)butyl]oxolan-2-one —— C19H28O4
    5-[4-(5-Methoxy-3-oxo-2-pent-2-enylcyclopenten-1-yl)butyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Methylaminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H11NO2
    5-(Methylaminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 7_20-Dihydroanastomosine —— C20H22O5
    7_20-Dihydroanastomosine
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3,5a-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydrocyclopenta[g][2]benzofuran-1-one —— C15H24O5
    4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3,5a-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydrocyclopenta[g][2]benzofuran-1-one
    —— 5-Pentatriacontyloxolan-2-one —— C39H76O2
    5-Pentatriacontyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C5H8O5
    (3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— [9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-7-yl] acetate —— C22H28O7
    [9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-7-yl] acetate
    —— 3-Hexadeca-11,15-dien-9-ynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C21H32O3
    3-Hexadeca-11,15-dien-9-ynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8a,8b-octahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2-one —— C14H20O3
    6-Hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8a,8b-octahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2-one
    —— [7-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-8-oxospiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-2,2'-oxirane]-11-yl] acetate —— C22H28O8
    [7-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-8-oxospiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-2,2'-oxirane]-11-yl] acetate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4',8-dimethoxy-3'-(1-methoxyethylidene)-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C22H30O10
    2-Hydroxy-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4',8-dimethoxy-3'-(1-methoxyethylidene)-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 3-(5-Butyloxolan-2-ylidene)-5-hydroxy-6-pentyloxane-2,4-dione —— C18H28O5
    3-(5-Butyloxolan-2-ylidene)-5-hydroxy-6-pentyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 5a-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9a-methyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-f]chromene-3,7-dione —— C15H20O5
    5a-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9a-methyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-f]chromene-3,7-dione
    —— 10-Methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    10-Methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— 8-Hydroxy-1-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)-2-penta-1,3-dienyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one —— C16H20O4
    8-Hydroxy-1-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)-2-penta-1,3-dienyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one
    —— 6,11,11,14,18,19-Hexamethyl-25-methylidene-3,10,12,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[20.5.2.01,19.02,4.05,18.06,15.09,14.022,27]nonacosan-29-one —— C32H46O5
    6,11,11,14,18,19-Hexamethyl-25-methylidene-3,10,12,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[20.5.2.01,19.02,4.05,18.06,15.09,14.022,27]nonacosan-29-one