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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Lyxonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C14H32O5Si3
    Lyxonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 2-C-Methylarabinonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    2-C-Methylarabinonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 3-Deoxy-lyxo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    3-Deoxy-lyxo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— Talonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C18H42O6Si4
    Talonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 3,4-Bis(cyclohexylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C18H30O2
    3,4-Bis(cyclohexylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-((R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester —— C24H36O5
    (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-((R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— Austricine —— C15H20O5
    Austricine
    —— (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H17NO2
    (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[2-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]ethoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C12H14O6
    (3Z)-3-[2-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]ethoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[[8-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]amino]octylamino]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C18H28N2O4
    (3Z)-3-[[8-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]amino]octylamino]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[1-Methoxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 54212-02-1 C6H8O3
    3-[1-Methoxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3E)-5-[(E)-5-(furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C21H24O4
    (3E)-5-[(E)-5-(furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9FO4
    (3S,4R,5S)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-1-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3E)-3-[(7Z)-7-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)heptylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C15H20O4
    (3E)-3-[(7Z)-7-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)heptylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Methyl-3-[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C12H12O2
    5-Methyl-3-[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-[1-Cyclohex-3-enyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 53185-78-7 C11H14O2
    3-[1-Cyclohex-3-enyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[10-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]decoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O6
    (3Z)-3-[10-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]decoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-dodec-11-enylidene-5-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C17H28O3
    (3E)-3-dodec-11-enylidene-5-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C11H18O4
    2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3S,5S)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C17H29NO2
    (3S,5S)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    ethyl (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate
    —— (3S,3aS,4S,9aR,9bS)-3,4,6,9-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C16H20O3
    (3S,3aS,4S,9aR,9bS)-3,4,6,9-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3S)-3-[[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]disulfanyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10O4S2
    (3S)-3-[[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]disulfanyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]disulfanyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10O4S2
    (3R)-3-[[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]disulfanyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [(2R,4S)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C11H20N2O2S
    [(2R,4S)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [amino-[[(2S,4S)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C11H21N2O2S+
    [amino-[[(2S,4S)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— [amino-[[(2S,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C11H21N2O2S+
    [amino-[[(2S,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(2R,4S)-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C9H16N2O2S
    [(2R,4S)-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(2R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C8H14N2O2S
    [(2R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [amino-[[(2S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C8H15N2O2S+
    [amino-[[(2S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— [amino-[[(2S,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C8H15N2O2S+
    [amino-[[(2S,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— [amino-[[(2R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C8H15N2O2S+
    [amino-[[(2R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S)-3-acetyl-3-[2-(chloromethyl)prop-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H13ClO3
    (3S)-3-acetyl-3-[2-(chloromethyl)prop-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9ClO3
    (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9ClO3
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O3
    (5S)-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O3
    (5R)-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5R)-5-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S,4R,5S)-4-amino-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H13NO4
    (2S,3S,4R,5S)-4-amino-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-amino-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H13NO4
    (2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-amino-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aS,6aR)-2-Oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C8H8O3
    (3aS,6aR)-2-Oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde