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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-5,5,6,6-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C16H18BrClO3
    3-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-5,5,6,6-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(4S,7R,8S)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-4-chloro-7-methyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C29H47ClO6Si
    [(4S,7R,8S)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-4-chloro-7-methyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 6,6-Diethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C9H14O3
    6,6-Diethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 6-[2-(2,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C19H28O4
    6-[2-(2,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 5-[3-[3-[2-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-5-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C16H26O5
    5-[3-[3-[2-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-5-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[(3R)-3-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]but-1-enyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C20H27BrO2
    5-[(3R)-3-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]but-1-enyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one —— C20H31BrO3
    (3R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— Ethane;oxetan-2-one —— C7H16O2
    Ethane;oxetan-2-one
    —— ethyl N-(2-methoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)carbamate —— C32H52N4O20
    ethyl N-(2-methoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)carbamate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-octoxypropoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C20H36O10
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-octoxypropoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl hydrogen carbonate —— C6H8O5
    (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl hydrogen carbonate
    —— 1-Methyl-3-[(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one —— C10H15NO3
    1-Methyl-3-[(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-5-(6-hydroxy-6-methyloctyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H24O4
    5-Hydroxy-5-(6-hydroxy-6-methyloctyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Methylheptan-3-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C18H30O4
    5-Methylheptan-3-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-Bromo-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C7H9BrO3
    3-Bromo-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Amino-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO4
    5-Amino-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyloxan-2-one —— C14H18O4
    6-Hydroxy-4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (4S,6R)-5-but-2-enyl-4-hydroxy-6-[(3S)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]oxan-2-one —— C13H20O4
    (4S,6R)-5-but-2-enyl-4-hydroxy-6-[(3S)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— Ethane;3-methyloxan-2-one —— C12H28O2
    Ethane;3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 11-Oxabicyclo[8.2.0]dodecan-12-one —— C11H18O2
    11-Oxabicyclo[8.2.0]dodecan-12-one
    —— 3-Ethyloxonan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    3-Ethyloxonan-2-one
    —— Ethane;oxan-2-one —— C7H14O2
    Ethane;oxan-2-one
    —— Ethane;(8-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate —— C17H28O5
    Ethane;(8-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— tert-butyl 3-[(6R)-2,4-dioxo-6-(2-phenylethyl)-6-propyloxan-3-yl]propanoate —— C23H32O5
    tert-butyl 3-[(6R)-2,4-dioxo-6-(2-phenylethyl)-6-propyloxan-3-yl]propanoate
    —— Ethane;1-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C13H22O2
    Ethane;1-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— 7-(2-Oxocyclohexyl)oxepan-2-one —— C12H18O3
    7-(2-Oxocyclohexyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-carbaldehyde —— C15H16O5
    4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-carbaldehyde
    —— 6-Ethyl-4-propyloxan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    6-Ethyl-4-propyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-Methyl-5-undec-10-enyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C16H26O3
    3-Methyl-5-undec-10-enyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C5H4ClNO2
    5-Chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— 4-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(2-oxooxan-4-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxan-2-one —— C17H28O6S2
    4-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(2-oxooxan-4-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 10-Methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.03,9]decan-4-one —— C10H14O2
    10-Methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.03,9]decan-4-one
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-3H-cyclopenta[8]annulene-3-carboxamide —— C16H23NO4
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-3H-cyclopenta[8]annulene-3-carboxamide
    —— Ethane;oxolan-2-one;propane —— C9H20O2
    Ethane;oxolan-2-one;propane
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylideneoxan-2-one —— C7H10O5
    3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylideneoxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-tridecoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C19H34O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-tridecoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-1-[[(7S)-3,7-dihydroxy-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-2,4-dimethyloct-5-enyl]-methylamino]-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1-oxodeca-7,9-dien-5-yl] carbamate —— C32H54N2O9
    [(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-1-[[(7S)-3,7-dihydroxy-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-2,4-dimethyloct-5-enyl]-methylamino]-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1-oxodeca-7,9-dien-5-yl] carbamate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[2-dodecoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C24H44O10
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-[2-dodecoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-Chloro-6-(4-cyclohexylbutyl)-6-cyclopentyloxane-2,4-dione —— C20H31ClO3
    3-Chloro-6-(4-cyclohexylbutyl)-6-cyclopentyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 7-Methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydropyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one —— C9H13NO2
    7-Methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydropyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one
    —— 4a,8a-Dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyridine-2,4-dione —— C8H7NO3
    4a,8a-Dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyridine-2,4-dione
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-3-phosphanyloxyhexyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride —— C13H28BO4P3
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-3-phosphanyloxyhexyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride
    —— (5R)-3-hexylidene-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (5R)-3-hexylidene-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— Ethane;oxolan-2-one;propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C13H24O4
    Ethane;oxolan-2-one;propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-(2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolan-4-yl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H6O7S
    3-Hydroxy-5-(2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolan-4-yl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5-Oxooxolan-2-yl) 1-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)oxycarbonyloxybutan-2-yl carbonate —— C14H18O10
    (5-Oxooxolan-2-yl) 1-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)oxycarbonyloxybutan-2-yl carbonate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5,6-dimethyloxane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O4
    4-Hydroxy-5,6-dimethyloxane-2,3-dione
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxooxepane-3-carboxylic acid —— C7H10O8
    (3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxooxepane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-prop-1-enyloxan-2-one —— C10H16O3
    (3R,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-prop-1-enyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-Imino-5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C12H13NO2
    3-Imino-5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one