内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,4R,6S)-6-chloro-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 77924-81-3 | C7H9ClO2 |
| —— | 3,4-Di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexono-1,5-lactone | 152582-90-6 | C18H38O4Si2 |
| —— | 4-(6-Oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-butyryl chloride | 131702-60-8 | C9H13ClO3 |
| —— | α-Chlormethyl-α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolacton | 89323-57-9 | C5H7ClO3 |
| —— | (1S,6S,7R)-(+)-7-hydroxy-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-3-one | 82916-05-0 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 9-(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-oxonan-2-one | 64767-70-0 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 7,7,8,8-Tetramethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-4-((E)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trimethylsilanyloxy-propenyl)-3,6,9-trioxa-1-aza-5λ<sup>5</sup>-phospha-spiro[4.4]non-1(5)-en-2-one | 125790-20-7 | C15H22F6NO5PSi |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-3'-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,4'-oxolane]-2'-one | 66898-30-4 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 21-acetoxy-6α,7α-isopropylidenedioxy-17-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione | 111666-76-3 | C26H34O8 |
| —— | 8-(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-oxocan-2-one | 64767-62-0 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 3β,18-dihydroxy-5α-androstane-17β-carboxylic acid lactone | 86698-78-4 | C20H30O3 |
| —— | 5-(2-Cyclohexylidenepropyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 1040738-49-5 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | (4S,5R,6S)-5-(dimethylamino)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 941674-08-4 | C10H19NO4 |
| —— | D-Camphansaeure-(-)-2-thiabicyclo-<2.2.1>hept-6-exo-ylester | 67338-26-5 | C16H22O4S |
| —— | 12-oxa-[4.4.3]propella-2,4,7,9-tetraen-11-one | 69915-23-7 | C12H10O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R)-4-Benzyl-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 161870-15-1 | C14H14O4 |
| —— | (1RS,2RS)-1-isopropyl-5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>hepten-7-one | 105666-00-0 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (E)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-6-hydroximino-2H,4H,5H,6H,7H-furo-<3,4-b>pyran | 72900-49-3 | C9H11NO4 |
| —— | 71254-44-9 | C9H12O2 | |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-(2,2-Dichloro-vinyl)-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 67252-96-4 | C9H10Cl2O3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,7S,8R,9S,10R,11R,15R)-8-hydroxy-5,5,13,13-tetramethyl-4,6,12,14,16-pentaoxapentacyclo[8.5.2.02,9.03,7.011,15]heptadecan-17-one | 259137-40-1 | C16H22O7 |
| —— | Ethyl 5-(1-iodoethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 1015084-86-2 | C9H13IO4 |
| —— | dihydro-3-cyano-5-<(phenylseleno)methyl>-2(3H)-furanone | 127560-84-3 | C12H11NO2Se |
| —— | 3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-erythro-pentono-1,5-lactone | 110454-32-5 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | (3R)-3-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl]oxolan-2-one | 1228116-14-0 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 4-diazoacetyl-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 855640-40-3 | C9H12N2O3 |
| —— | <5R,6S,(S)>-6-<3-(hydroxy)propyl>-5-methyltetrahydro-2-pyranone | 144665-40-7 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-1-Benzyl-3-methyl-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-c]isoxazol-4-one | 119889-09-7 | C19H19NO3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-cyclohexanol-(4)-carbonsaeure-lacton | 101581-01-5 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (7R)-9,10-dimethyl-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.25]tridec-9-ene-11,12-dione | 1358991-85-1 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (1aS,3S,3aS,6aS,6bR)-3-Iodo-1a,3a-dimethyl-hexahydro-4,6-dioxa-cyclobuta[cd]inden-5-one | 655232-43-2 | C10H13IO3 |
| —— | 3-Eth-(E)-ylidene-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 142038-50-4 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-((1R,5S,6R,7S)-5-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dec-7-yl)-butyric acid methyl ester | 123392-78-9 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 869210-35-5 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 87789-13-7 | C10H12O5 | |
| —— | (2'R,3'R,5R)-5-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxybutyl]dihydrofuran-2-one | 594853-83-5 | C14H28O5Si |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[3-(2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)propyl]carbamate | 910298-30-5 | C13H23NO4 |
| —— | 1147759-42-9 | C16H30O4Si | |
| —— | Simplexolide B | 1380680-55-6 | C17H30O3 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)-2(5H)-furanone | 186449-48-9 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | (S)-6-Undec-1-ynyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 69765-56-6 | C16H26O2 |
| —— | (1R,7S)-3-Oxo-7-vinyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 69697-23-0 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 1,5,5,7-Tetramethyl-8-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undecan-9-one | 64390-25-6 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propionaldehyde | 52636-02-9 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 2-ethylthio-3-vinylhexan-6-olide | 139643-50-8 | C10H16O2S |
| —— | (2aS,5aS,6R,7R,8aR)-6-Hydroxy-2a,5a,7-trimethyl-6-[2-(2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-ethyl]-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 72010-00-5 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | (5R)-3-hydroxy-5-((1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one-3-d | 96304-98-2 | C8H14O7 |
| —— | 141927-61-9 | C140H180F30O30 | |
| —— | (1R,5R,6R,8S)-6-Chloro-8-trityloxymethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 88924-49-6 | C27H25ClO3 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,,2,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-pivaloyloxy-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 159224-77-8 | C35H62O6Si2 |
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