内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S, 2S, 8S)-2-isopropyl-9-methyl-7-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodec-4,9-dien-6-one | 1422017-61-5 | C15H20O2 |
|
| —— | (5S,6R,9S)-6,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonane | 190246-75-4 | C10H16O4 |
|
| —— | (5R,6S,9S)-9-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-methyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | —— | C12H20O3 |
|
| —— | Methyl 5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-ene-8-carboxylate | 130232-22-3 | C11H12O4 |
|
| —— | (5R,6R,9S)-9-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonane | 190246-84-5 | C16H30O4Si |
|
| —— | (5R,6S,9S)-9-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-6-methyl-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonane | 190246-86-7 | C16H30O3Si |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-4-(hydroxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 151292-64-7 | C11H22O4Si |
|
| —— | (Z)-3-(Cyanmethylen)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 86453-69-2 | C8H9NO2 |
|
| —— | (Z)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-propyliden)-tetrahydrofuran | 86453-65-8 | C9H12O3 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl N-[(2S,3S)-2-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate | 192824-02-5 | C17H33NO5Si |
|
| —— | (E)-3-(Cyanmethylen)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 86453-70-5 | C8H9NO2 |
|
| —— | (2S,4Z)-2-[(1R,2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one | 194540-71-1 | C12H18O3 |
|
| —— | (1R,2R,2'S,Z)-2-(9'-oxo-2',3',6',7',8',9'-hexahydrooxonin-2'-yl)cyclopropanecarbaldehyde | 164524-11-2 | C12H16O3 |
|
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 135102-85-1 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-methylendinitril | 82698-94-0 | C9H8N2O2 |
|
| —— | (2Z)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)acetyl chloride | 135102-78-2 | C8H9ClO3 |
|
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-3-nonan-5-ylideneoxolan-2-one | 78386-86-4 | C15H26O2 |
|
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid | 192823-99-7 | C13H24O5Si |
|
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-3-<(Z)-(methoxycarbonyl)methylene>-1-oxacyclopentan-2-one | 86453-59-0 | C9H12O4 |
|
| —— | 1,1-Difluoro-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 78386-90-0 | C8H10F2O2 |
|
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 13353-19-0 | C8H12O4 |
|
| —— | (E)-3-(Methoxycarbonylmethylen)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 86453-60-3 | C9H12O4 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-3-[N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-hydroxyhexano-4-lactone | 178976-46-0 | C11H19NO5 |
|
| —— | (Z)-(dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3(2H)-furanylidene)acetic acid ethyl ester | 117144-85-1 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | (E)-(dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3(2H)-furanylidene)acetic acid ethyl ester | 117144-84-0 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | (1S,4S,5S)-5-[(E,6S)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyhept-1-enyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 211988-83-9 | C19H34O3Si |
|
| —— | (S)-(+)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 19684-20-9 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | (E)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone-3-methine (Z)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone-3-methine ether | 95457-83-3 | C10H10O5 |
|
| —— | α-trans-methoxylidene-γ-butyrolactone | 54212-01-0 | C6H8O3 |
|
| —— | 3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 89810-14-0 | C8H12N2O2 |
|
| —— | α-fluoro-ε-caprolactone | 1246391-91-2 | C6H9FO2 |
|
| —— | ε-fluoro-ε-caprolactone | 1246391-92-3 | C6H9FO2 |
|
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 66797-98-6 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester | 121726-72-5 | C11H21O5P |
|
| —— | 5α,17β-dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-9(11)-ene-7α,21-dicarboxylic acid bis-γ-lactone | 610785-45-0 | C23H28O5 |
|
| —— | cis-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 360794-28-1 | C6H8O2 |
|
| —— | cis-Cyclopentan-1,2-carbolacton | 360794-29-2 | C6H8O2 |
|
| —— | 4-oxa-5-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo[5,2,1,02,6] dec-8-en-3-one | 56232-20-3 | C11H13NO4 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-(2-thienyl)-, (E)- | 88221-02-7 | C10H10O3S |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-cyclohexyl-, (E)- | 88221-04-9 | C12H18O3 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-acetyl-5-(2-furyl)-, (E)- | 88221-03-8 | C10H10O4 |
|
| —— | (1R,5R,8R)-8-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one | 261630-98-2 | C7H8O3 |
|
| —— | (R)-5-(1-bromovinyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1628563-45-0 | C8H11BrO2 |
|
| —— | 3-(1',2'-dimethylpropylidene)-1-oxa-spiro[4,5]decane-2,4-dione | 359845-33-3 | C14H20O3 |
|
| —— | (4aR,8aS)-Hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one | 250226-92-7 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | 8-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-1,6,7-trioxaspirotricyclo[2.4.0.5]tetradecan-2-one | 391624-10-5 | C14H20O5 |
|
| —— | (2R,4aR,9aS)-4a-Methyl-2-phenyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one | 370884-48-3 | C15H18O4 |
|
| —— | (1R,7S,9R,10S)-10-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-9-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-10-methyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo[5.5.0]dodecan-3-one | 1028432-77-0 | C36H56O5Si2 |
|
| —— | (2R,4aR,9aS)-2-Phenyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one | 250226-97-2 | C14H16O4 |
|
| —— | (2R,3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-(2-hydroxy-hex-5-enyl)-oxetan-2-one | 1151391-89-7 | C15H26O3 |
|
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