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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Tert-butyl 2-(6-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxooxan-3-yl)acetate —— C16H28O5
    Tert-butyl 2-(6-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxooxan-3-yl)acetate
    —— N-isopentyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    N-isopentyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— (15-Hydroxy-14-methoxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) butanoate —— C25H40O7
    (15-Hydroxy-14-methoxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) butanoate
    —— 8-Methyl-13-methylidene-4,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,7]tridec-6-ene-5,12-dione —— C13H14O4
    8-Methyl-13-methylidene-4,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,7]tridec-6-ene-5,12-dione
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecan-8-one —— C12H18O3
    2-Hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecan-8-one
    —— 6,8,9,10'-Tetrahydroxy-1',6,6',9,10'-pentamethylspiro[3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-3,13'-4-oxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,11.03,7]pentadec-2(11)-ene]-2,5'-dione 113807-34-4 C30H40O8
    6,8,9,10'-Tetrahydroxy-1',6,6',9,10'-pentamethylspiro[3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-3,13'-4-oxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,11.03,7]pentadec-2(11)-ene]-2,5'-dione
    —— 3,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione 55775-73-0 C11H16O4
    3,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione
    —— 11-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-10-methyl-6-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.02,7]tetradecan-3-one —— C21H32O4
    11-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-10-methyl-6-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.02,7]tetradecan-3-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybut-2-enylidene)-5-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H14O5
    4-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybut-2-enylidene)-5-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxymethyl-3-pentanoyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C10H16O4
    4-Hydroxymethyl-3-pentanoyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— Methyl 4a,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1-oxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate —— C11H14O7
    Methyl 4a,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1-oxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(9-phenylnonyl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(9-phenylnonyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-9-(2-methylpropoxy)-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-6-one —— C19H26O5
    1-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-9-(2-methylpropoxy)-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-6-one
    —— (3,4,12,13,15-Pentaacetyloxy-6,8-dihydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C36H50O17
    (3,4,12,13,15-Pentaacetyloxy-6,8-dihydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 6-Hydroxy-6,6a,9-trimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C16H22O3
    6-Hydroxy-6,6a,9-trimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 10,17-Dihydroxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-8,12-dimethyl-14-oxa-18-azapentacyclo[10.7.0.01,16.03,11.04,8]nonadec-3(11)-ene-2,7,15,19-tetrone —— C21H25NO8
    10,17-Dihydroxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-8,12-dimethyl-14-oxa-18-azapentacyclo[10.7.0.01,16.03,11.04,8]nonadec-3(11)-ene-2,7,15,19-tetrone
    —— 4-Prop-(Z)-ylidene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 88806-73-9 C8H12O2
    4-Prop-(Z)-ylidene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-(14-methylpentadecoxy)-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O6P
    5-methyl-3-(14-methylpentadecoxy)-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 6,6a-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H20O5
    6,6a-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— N-[1-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-9-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]acetamide —— C20H29NO5
    N-[1-(2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl)-9-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]acetamide
    —— 7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H30O2
    7-Methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 13-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]-13-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-11-one —— C20H28O5
    13-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]-13-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-11-one
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-octadec-17-en-9-ynyloxolan-2-one —— C23H38O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-octadec-17-en-9-ynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-5,8,9,11a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclodeca[c]furan-3-one —— C15H20O3
    9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-5,8,9,11a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclodeca[c]furan-3-one
    —— [8-[2-(4-Hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate —— C24H38O5
    [8-[2-(4-Hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate
    —— 5,9,13-Trimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadeca-2,4-diene-6,14-dione —— C18H22O3
    5,9,13-Trimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadeca-2,4-diene-6,14-dione
    —— 6-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropoxy)-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C19H26O5
    6-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropoxy)-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 8-Chloro-5-(3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl)-12-hydroxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C25H29ClO6
    8-Chloro-5-(3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl)-12-hydroxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— 3-(2-Methyl-3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    3-(2-Methyl-3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6,7,16-Trihydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-one —— C19H30O5
    6,7,16-Trihydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-one
    —— Monacolin M 106909-04-0 C23H34O6
    Monacolin M
    —— 2,2,10-Trimethyl-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-6-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one —— C15H22O3
    2,2,10-Trimethyl-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-6-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one
    —— 10-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C14H22O4
    10-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— 5-Dodeca-3,11-dienyloxolan-2-one —— C16H26O2
    5-Dodeca-3,11-dienyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Methyl-13-methylidene-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-9-oxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,10.05,10]hexadecane-8,14-dione —— C20H26O3
    5-Methyl-13-methylidene-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-9-oxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,10.05,10]hexadecane-8,14-dione
    —— Methyl 5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-methyl-2'-oxospiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-4-carboxylate —— C21H24O6
    Methyl 5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-methyl-2'-oxospiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-4-carboxylate
    —— (3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-5'-oxospiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxolane]-1-yl) acetate —— C19H30O4
    (3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-5'-oxospiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxolane]-1-yl) acetate
    —— (4-Hexadecyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) acetate —— C23H42O4
    (4-Hexadecyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) acetate
    —— Methyl 5-[furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-5,11,11-trimethyl-8,15-dioxospiro[12,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,7]heptadecane-6,3'-oxirane]-2'-carboxylate —— C26H32O9
    Methyl 5-[furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-5,11,11-trimethyl-8,15-dioxospiro[12,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.02,7]heptadecane-6,3'-oxirane]-2'-carboxylate
    —— 8-hydroperoxy-6-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O5
    8-hydroperoxy-6-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-[2-[3-(2-Aminoethyl)-10-cyclohexyl-3,6-dihydroxy-4-phosphonooxydeca-1,7,9-trienyl]-3-ethyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl]-3-oxobutanoic acid —— C29H46NO11P
    4-[2-[3-(2-Aminoethyl)-10-cyclohexyl-3,6-dihydroxy-4-phosphonooxydeca-1,7,9-trienyl]-3-ethyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl]-3-oxobutanoic acid
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (2,7',9',13'-Tetrahydroxy-8',11',14',14'-tetramethyl-16'-oxo-2-phenylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,4'-15-oxatetracyclo[7.4.3.01,10.03,8]hexadec-10-ene]-5'-yl) acetate —— C29H36O10
    (2,7',9',13'-Tetrahydroxy-8',11',14',14'-tetramethyl-16'-oxo-2-phenylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,4'-15-oxatetracyclo[7.4.3.01,10.03,8]hexadec-10-ene]-5'-yl) acetate
    —— 1-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-4,9a-dihydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione —— C15H16O4
    1-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-4,9a-dihydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxy-2-methylbutylidene)-5,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H18O4
    3-(1-Hydroxy-2-methylbutylidene)-5,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxybut-2-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 183073-22-5 C8H12O3
    5-(1-Hydroxybut-2-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-[1-[2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]oxybut-3-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one —— C17H28O8
    3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-[1-[2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]oxybut-3-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— 9a-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    9a-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 6-Ethylidene-7-oxo-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-4-carboxylic acid —— C10H10O5
    6-Ethylidene-7-oxo-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 10-Methylundecan-5-olide —— C12H22O2
    10-Methylundecan-5-olide