内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 73272-39-6 | C19H24O3 | |
| —— | 4-ethylsulfanyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 69247-03-6 | C11H18O4S |
| —— | 1186199-67-6 | C16H25BrO5 | |
| —— | Dihydrosenecic-lacton | 3394-40-9 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-3-iodo-4-(2'-thienyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 140479-78-3 | C8H7IO3S |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-3-bromo-3-methyl-4-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 140479-74-9 | C11H11BrO3 |
| —— | (3aR,7S,7aS)-7-Methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 122690-76-0 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-4-germa-γ-butyrolactone | 107790-95-4 | C7H14GeO2 |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-5-allylsulfanylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 139022-70-1 | C10H14O3S |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-4-Eth-(E)-ylidene-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-b]furan-2-one | 114605-40-2 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-butyloxetan-2-one | 214853-89-1 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | (S)-2-((3R,3aR,4R,6aS,9aS)-3a,4-Dimethyl-1,9-dioxo-octahydro-indeno[3a,4-c]furan-3-ylmethyl)-2-methyl-but-3-enoic acid methyl ester | 113490-47-4 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-trans-(-)-β-Methyl-δ-n-pentylvalerolactone | 74591-85-8 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 8a-methoxymethyl-3-oxo-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-isochromen-5-yl ester | 65984-99-8 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,5R,6aS)-2-oxo-4-(2-oxo-ethyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 69590-73-4 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | 75218-31-4 | C22H28O7 | |
| —— | (5R,6R,7S,10R)-10-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6,7-dimethyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 935528-94-2 | C20H36O4Si |
| —— | (S)-5-((R)-1-Methyl-pentyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87433-95-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 2-Allyl-2-aethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 50994-88-2 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5<<(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-4-(2'-methyl-2'-propenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 126909-97-5 | C14H23NO4 |
| —— | (5S,1S,2S)-5-(3-bromo-1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1268617-49-7 | C13H15BrO4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-3,3,4-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 30410-90-3 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (2S)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)methyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde | 682811-80-9 | C12H23NO3Si |
| —— | (R)-5-((S)-1-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-methyl-propyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 545375-29-9 | C16H27NO6 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6R)-7-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-2-methyl-3-oxa-7-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4,8-dione | 114655-07-1 | C13H23NO3Si |
| —— | (1R,6S,7R,9S)-(-)-6,7,9-Trihydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-2-on | 97169-39-6 | C9H14O5 |
| —— | dl-1t-Acetoxy-3c,4t,5t-trihydroxy-1r-carboxy-cyclohexan-lacton-(1:3) | 90674-05-8 | C9H12O6 |
| —— | 2-(2-methyl-cyclohexyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 76325-04-7 | C20H26O4 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 156757-23-2 | C9H18O3Si |
| —— | 4-<i>tert</i>-butylsulfanyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 69247-05-8 | C13H22O4S |
| —— | (4R,5S,6R)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one | 850353-28-5 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4R)-3-Methylene-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 125812-37-5 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | N,N'-(3-Oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5,exo-6-diyl)bis(carbamidsaeure-methylester) | 82313-09-5 | C11H14N2O6 |
| —— | (2aS,5aS,7S,8aR,8bR)-7-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-2a,5a-dimethyl-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6-dione | 55047-41-1 | C16H22O5 |
| —— | 6-azido-6-deoxy-L-galactono-1,4-lactone | 620609-70-3 | C6H9N3O5 |
| —— | 1-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1310680-60-4 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 8a-ethyl-3-methyl-octahydro-3,7-cyclo-chromen-2-one | 69850-17-5 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | tetrafluoro-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride | 57070-32-3 | C6F4O3 |
| —— | 4-(1,1-Dimethyl)-3-methylene-1-oxetan-2-one | 136066-37-0 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | N-((1R)-1-{4-[2-(2-cyclopentyl-4,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]phenyl}ethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonamide | 877130-98-8 | C22H28F3NO5S |
| —— | (+/-)-4<i>exo</i>-hydroxy-5,8<i>anti</i>-dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 104623-03-2 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,4S,4'R,5R)-4'-(2-hydroxybut-3-enyl)spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-5,3'-oxolane]-2'-one | 1384477-74-0 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (4R,6S)-2-oxo-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylcarbamate | 1449383-22-5 | C12H19NO4 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methoxymethoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one | 1331843-51-6 | C23H43NO7Si |
| —— | 1402887-67-5 | C15H31NO3Si | |
| —— | 4-(Azetidin-3-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one hydrochloride | 1439818-48-0 | C8H14ClNO2 |
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 65652-13-3 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 1,8,8-Trimethyl-3-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione | 66659-02-7 | C14H19NO4 |
| —— | (3aS,5aS,9S,9aR,9bS)-3,3a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4,9-dimethylnaphtho[2,1-c]furan-1,6(5aH,9bH)-dione | 1115371-92-0 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (3R,11S)-2,10-Dioxo-1,9-dioxa-dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane-3,11-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 65461-18-9 | C18H24O8 |
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