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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S)-4-Ethylidene-3-methyloxetan-2-one 344958-23-2 C6H8O2
    (3S)-4-Ethylidene-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— tert-butyl N-(1S,5E)-1-methyl-6-[(1S,4R,5S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-yl]-5-hexenylcarbamate 943861-08-3 C18H29NO4
    tert-butyl N-(1S,5E)-1-methyl-6-[(1S,4R,5S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-yl]-5-hexenylcarbamate
    —— (5R,5'R)-(2',4'-dioxaheptadecan-5'-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 158664-29-0 C19H36O4
    (5R,5'R)-(2',4'-dioxaheptadecan-5'-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6-deoxy-D-talonic acid-4-lactone 20031-16-7 C6H10O5
    6-deoxy-D-talonic acid-4-lactone
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one 53155-65-0 C7H12O2
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C14H24O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,4S)-3,4-Dimethyloxetan-2-on 114613-80-8 C5H8O2
    (3S,4S)-3,4-Dimethyloxetan-2-on
    —— (3R,4R)-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one 5402-54-0 C5H8O2
    (3R,4R)-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione 4387-74-0 C8H12O3
    3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— α-methoxycarbonyl-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone 50598-38-4 C8H12O4
    α-methoxycarbonyl-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3AR,4S,6R,6AR)-6-(Phenylselanyl)-4-vinylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[B]furan-2-one 1217475-58-5 C15H16O2Se
    (3AR,4S,6R,6AR)-6-(Phenylselanyl)-4-vinylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[B]furan-2-one
    —— α-isopropyl-β-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 95864-57-6 C8H12O2
    α-isopropyl-β-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-methylene-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one 57429-72-8 C9H12O2
    4-methylene-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one
    —— (+/-)-4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one 128643-69-6 C14H18O3
    (+/-)-4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2H-Pyran-2,6(3H)-dione, dihydro-, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide 68511-60-4 C5H8O5
    2H-Pyran-2,6(3H)-dione, dihydro-, reaction products with hydrogen peroxide
    —— 2-Keto-4-methyl-hexahydrocyclopenta<b>furan 39163-26-3 C8H12O2
    2-Keto-4-methyl-hexahydrocyclopenta<b>furan
    —— (2R,3S,4R,1'R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-[1'-hydroxy-2'-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)ethyl]-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)carbaldehyde oxime] 301851-36-5 C46H63NO9Si3
    (2R,3S,4R,1'R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-[1'-hydroxy-2'-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)ethyl]-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)carbaldehyde oxime]
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-4-trichlormethyl-2-oxetanon 15347-83-8 C6H7Cl3O2
    3,3-Dimethyl-4-trichlormethyl-2-oxetanon
    —— 2-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 43142-60-5 C6H8O2
    2-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2-methyl-2-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 113495-40-2 C7H10O2
    2-methyl-2-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 958489-22-0 C9H14O5
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [(8Z)-3,8-dimethyl-13-oxospiro[4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-ene-12,1'-cyclopropane]-10-yl] acetate 7506-74-3 C18H24O5
    [(8Z)-3,8-dimethyl-13-oxospiro[4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-ene-12,1'-cyclopropane]-10-yl] acetate
    —— 2H-Pyran-4-acetaldehyde, 3-(aminomethylene)-alpha-ethenyltetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 56050-08-9 C10H13NO4
    2H-Pyran-4-acetaldehyde, 3-(aminomethylene)-alpha-ethenyltetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-
    —— (3aS,6aR)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 5745-61-9 C7H10O2
    (3aS,6aR)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 1236299-81-2 C10H18O4
    (3S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— <3R-<3α,5α(R<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-aminoethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone 130250-38-3 C15H27NO2
    <3R-<3α,5α(R<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-aminoethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-5-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one 1054615-62-1 C6H11NO4
    (3R,4R,5R)-5-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanolide 84247-19-8 C6H10O3
    (2R,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanolide
    —— (1S,5R,7S)-7-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1068608-50-3 C15H18O4
    (1S,5R,7S)-7-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (-)-(S)-4-(4-phenylbutyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1430413-24-3 C15H20O2
    (-)-(S)-4-(4-phenylbutyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4(R)-cyclohexyltetrahydropyran-2-one 71302-20-0 C11H18O2
    4(R)-cyclohexyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4(S)-cyclohexyltetrahydropyran-2-one 71301-85-4 C11H18O2
    4(S)-cyclohexyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 2,3-dimethyl-4-butanolide 72693-07-3 C6H10O2
    2,3-dimethyl-4-butanolide
    —— (2S,3S)-2-[(1S)-1-(methoxymethoxy)pentyl]-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde 251950-85-3 C13H20O5
    (2S,3S)-2-[(1S)-1-(methoxymethoxy)pentyl]-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (4R,5S)-4-[(1R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-[(1S)-1-(methoxymethoxy)pentyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one 251950-83-1 C20H38O6Si
    (4R,5S)-4-[(1R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-[(1S)-1-(methoxymethoxy)pentyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(1S)-1-(methoxymethoxy)pentyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one 251950-88-6 C13H24O5
    (3S,4S,5S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(1S)-1-(methoxymethoxy)pentyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 7-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-1,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-methyl-<6aS-(6aα,7α,9aβ,9bα)>cyclopenta<f><1>benzopyran-3(2H)-one 95935-95-8 C19H32O3Si
    7-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-1,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-methyl-<6aS-(6aα,7α,9aβ,9bα)>cyclopenta<f><1>benzopyran-3(2H)-one
    —— Methyl 4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate 87497-18-5 C7H8O4
    Methyl 4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,4Z,8aS)-3Z-(bromomethylene)-3,3a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1338002-88-2 C10H11BrO2
    (3aR,4Z,8aS)-3Z-(bromomethylene)-3,3a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 1,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-methyl-<6aS-(6aα,9aβ,9bα)>cyclopenta<f><1>benzopyran-3(2H)-7-dione 39783-27-2 C13H16O3
    1,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-methyl-<6aS-(6aα,9aβ,9bα)>cyclopenta<f><1>benzopyran-3(2H)-7-dione
    —— 7-hydroxy-1,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-methyl-<6aS-(6aα,7α,9aβ,9bα)>cyclopenta<f><1>benzopyran-3(2H)-one 168254-09-9 C13H18O3
    7-hydroxy-1,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-methyl-<6aS-(6aα,7α,9aβ,9bα)>cyclopenta<f><1>benzopyran-3(2H)-one
    —— (Z)-2-(1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethylidene)-γ-butyrolactone 131067-19-1 C8H10O4
    (Z)-2-(1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethylidene)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-japonilure 64726-93-8 C14H24O2
    (S)-japonilure
    —— Terpenylic acid monohydrate 6024-96-0 C8H14O5
    Terpenylic acid monohydrate
    —— dihydro-3-ethyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 19639-00-0 C7H12O2
    dihydro-3-ethyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (6S)-6-(chloromethyl)oxan-2-one 135999-60-9 C6H9ClO2
    (6S)-6-(chloromethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-6-methyl-2-pyrone 914799-30-7 C11H19NO4
    (5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-6-methyl-2-pyrone
    —— 3-Ethoxybutanolid 20514-71-0 C6H10O3
    3-Ethoxybutanolid
    —— (+)-cephalosporolide B 1482494-98-3 C10H14O5
    (+)-cephalosporolide B
    —— (Z)-3-allyl-3-(2',3'-dimethylpenta-2',4'-dienyl)furan-(5H)-2,4-dione 1193304-94-7 C14H18O3
    (Z)-3-allyl-3-(2',3'-dimethylpenta-2',4'-dienyl)furan-(5H)-2,4-dione