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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7,7a,8,10a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-b][1,5]dioxonine-5,10-dione —— C11H14O6
    2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7,7a,8,10a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-b][1,5]dioxonine-5,10-dione
    —— 16-Hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,17-hexamethyl-20-methylidene-7,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.1.01,16.02,12.05,11]icos-9-ene-8,19-dione —— C25H34O5
    16-Hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,17-hexamethyl-20-methylidene-7,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.1.01,16.02,12.05,11]icos-9-ene-8,19-dione
    —— 7-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypentyl)-6,6-dimethyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one —— C16H26O5
    7-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypentyl)-6,6-dimethyl-4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-en-5-one
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C21H28O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— Methyl 5-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-6-methyl-6-(3-oxobutyl)cyclohexene-1-carboxylate —— C21H26O6
    Methyl 5-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-6-methyl-6-(3-oxobutyl)cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
    —— 7-Hydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C12H18O3
    7-Hydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 2-(3-Ethylidene-2-oxooxan-4-yl)acetic acid 38164-98-6 C9H12O4
    2-(3-Ethylidene-2-oxooxan-4-yl)acetic acid
    —— 13-Hydroxy-8,14,18-trimethyl-2,15-dioxatetracyclo[12.2.2.01,12.04,11]octadecane-3,5,9,16-tetrone —— C19H24O7
    13-Hydroxy-8,14,18-trimethyl-2,15-dioxatetracyclo[12.2.2.01,12.04,11]octadecane-3,5,9,16-tetrone
    —— 5'-(Furan-2-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    5'-(Furan-2-yl)-11-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (8,9-dihydroxy-8a-methyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-6-yl) acetate —— C16H22O6
    (8,9-dihydroxy-8a-methyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-6-yl) acetate
    —— 5-[3,3-Dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)cyclopenten-1-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    5-[3,3-Dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)cyclopenten-1-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (6-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-yl)methyl 2-methyl-3-sulfooxypropanoate —— C19H22O9S
    (6-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-yl)methyl 2-methyl-3-sulfooxypropanoate
    —— 6-Decyl-3-methyl-2-oxooxane-4-carboxylic acid —— C17H30O4
    6-Decyl-3-methyl-2-oxooxane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-Methylidene-5-oxo-2-propyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H12O4
    4-Methylidene-5-oxo-2-propyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 6-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione —— C15H16O4
    6-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione
    —— 5-methyl-3-(13-methyltetradecoxy)-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C22H39O6P
    5-methyl-3-(13-methyltetradecoxy)-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)-3,4-dimethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H16O6
    5-(1-Hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)-3,4-dimethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— Spiro[furan-3(2H),6'-[6H]naphtho[1,8-bc]furan]-2,2'(4'H)-dione, 5-(3-furanyl)-2'a,3',4,5,5',7',8',8'a-octahydro-7'-methyl- —— C19H20O5
    Spiro[furan-3(2H),6'-[6H]naphtho[1,8-bc]furan]-2,2'(4'H)-dione, 5-(3-furanyl)-2'a,3',4,5,5',7',8',8'a-octahydro-7'-methyl-
    —— 4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-(14-oxopentadecyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C21H36O5
    4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-(14-oxopentadecyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4a-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate —— C21H30O7
    (4a-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— 2,4-Dimethyl-5-octanolide —— C10H18O2
    2,4-Dimethyl-5-octanolide
    —— 14'-Methyl-2'-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,11'-17-oxapentacyclo[14.2.1.01,5.06,15.09,14]nonadecane]-18'-one —— C25H36O6
    14'-Methyl-2'-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,11'-17-oxapentacyclo[14.2.1.01,5.06,15.09,14]nonadecane]-18'-one
    —— 9-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    9-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 7-(2,4-Dihydroxypentyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C12H20O5
    7-(2,4-Dihydroxypentyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-(2-thiosemicarbazonopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 328006-02-6 C9H15N3O2S
    5-methyl-3-(2-thiosemicarbazonopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 7-Hydroxy-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-1,4a,5,6,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O3
    7-Hydroxy-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-1,4a,5,6,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate —— C20H22O6
    (6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— 5-Hydroxy-heptadecanoic acid, delta-lactone —— C17H32O2
    5-Hydroxy-heptadecanoic acid, delta-lactone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-octadec-9-enyloxolan-2-one —— C23H42O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-octadec-9-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one —— C10H18O3
    6-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 11-Hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(10)-en-2-one 133613-71-5 C11H14O3
    11-Hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(10)-en-2-one
    —— 10-Hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-9-[2-[2-methyl-3-[(3-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C25H34O6
    10-Hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-9-[2-[2-methyl-3-[(3-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— 6-(3-hydroxybutyl)-5-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    6-(3-hydroxybutyl)-5-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one —— C20H28O3
    4-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 5,8-Dihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O4
    5,8-Dihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-Methylidene-5-oxo-2-(14-oxopentadecyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C21H34O5
    4-Methylidene-5-oxo-2-(14-oxopentadecyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 6-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O5
    6-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C21H32O4
    3-[2-(4-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— Dehydroachillin 36150-07-9 C15H16O3
    Dehydroachillin
    —— 3,6-Dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    3,6-Dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-carboxylic acid
    —— diplobifuranylones A —— C10H14O4
    diplobifuranylones A
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4,5a,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-8-one —— C15H18O3
    2,2-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4,5a,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-8-one
    —— Methyl 2-(3-ethenyl-1,3,9-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,6-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-10-yl)-2-methylpropanoate —— C21H32O5
    Methyl 2-(3-ethenyl-1,3,9-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,6-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-10-yl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— 16-Hydroxy-5,5,10,13,15-pentamethyl-6,19-dioxahexacyclo[13.6.1.01,11.04,10.013,21.017,21]docos-8-ene-7,14,18-trione —— C25H32O6
    16-Hydroxy-5,5,10,13,15-pentamethyl-6,19-dioxahexacyclo[13.6.1.01,11.04,10.013,21.017,21]docos-8-ene-7,14,18-trione
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxycyclopropyl)-5-[2-(1-hydroxycyclopropyl)-4-(2-methyldec-2-enoyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-3-(2-methyldec-2-enoyl)furan-2-one —— C36H52O8
    5-(1-Hydroxycyclopropyl)-5-[2-(1-hydroxycyclopropyl)-4-(2-methyldec-2-enoyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-3-(2-methyldec-2-enoyl)furan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Bis(cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C22H34N2O3S
    3,5-Bis(cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— 2,3',8-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-methoxyethyl)-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C20H26O9
    2,3',8-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-methoxyethyl)-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone 133220-72-1 C6H10O3
    4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-oxo-5-propyl-3-tridecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C22H39O6P
    3-oxo-5-propyl-3-tridecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one