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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C19H30O4
    4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 5-(5-Hydroxy-1,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H20O3
    5-(5-Hydroxy-1,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O4
    9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 5,9,17,17-Tetramethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.04,12.05,9]nonadec-2-ene-8,16,19-trione —— C22H28O4
    5,9,17,17-Tetramethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.04,12.05,9]nonadec-2-ene-8,16,19-trione
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enyl)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H30O3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enyl)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 7-Hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one —— C10H16O3
    7-Hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— 3-Cycloheptyloxan-2-one —— C12H20O2
    3-Cycloheptyloxan-2-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C20H28O8
    2-Hydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— ϖentyl-γ-butyrolactone 51849-71-9 C9H16O2
    ϖentyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (11-Hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradeca-9,12-dien-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    (11-Hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradeca-9,12-dien-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 2a-acetyl-7,7a-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-b]oxet-2-one —— C14H20O3
    2a-acetyl-7,7a-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-b]oxet-2-one
    —— (9-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H22O5
    (9-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— [4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1-oxo-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-9-yl] acetate —— C22H30O5
    [4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1-oxo-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-9-yl] acetate
    —— 17-(2-Hydroxypropanoyl)-2,7,7,11,17-pentamethyl-6,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-2,8,12(16)-triene-5,13-dione —— C24H30O6
    17-(2-Hydroxypropanoyl)-2,7,7,11,17-pentamethyl-6,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.012,16]octadeca-2,8,12(16)-triene-5,13-dione
    —— 3,6,10a-Trimethyl-decahydro-1,10-dioxa-benzo[e]azulene-2,9-dione 104104-60-1 C15H22O4
    3,6,10a-Trimethyl-decahydro-1,10-dioxa-benzo[e]azulene-2,9-dione
    —— 6,7,16-Trihydroxy-1,2,5,8,8,15,20,20-octamethyl-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricos-11-ene-18,23-dione —— C30H46O6
    6,7,16-Trihydroxy-1,2,5,8,8,15,20,20-octamethyl-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricos-11-ene-18,23-dione
    —— (9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H20O5
    (9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-[2-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C17H26O4
    4-Hydroxy-3-[2-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 11-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadeca-12,15-diene-7-carboxylic acid —— C20H26O6
    11-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,14-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadeca-12,15-diene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-(5-Hydroxy-5-methylhepta-2,6-dien-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H18O3
    5-(5-Hydroxy-5-methylhepta-2,6-dien-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,8-Dimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-7-ene-9,13-dione —— C14H18O4
    4,8-Dimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-7-ene-9,13-dione
    —— N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H19NO4
    N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (9a-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    (9a-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 4,10-Dihydroxy-2-oxo-1(5)-guaien-12,6-olide 82078-63-5 C15H20O5
    4,10-Dihydroxy-2-oxo-1(5)-guaien-12,6-olide
    —— 5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one —— C9H12O5
    5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 9-hydroperoxy-5-methoxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C16H20O5
    9-hydroperoxy-5-methoxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    6-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— [3,4,6,12,13-Pentaacetyloxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-15-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C40H56O17
    [3,4,6,12,13-Pentaacetyloxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-15-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 3-Methyl-2-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,10]decane-4,7-dione —— C14H16O4
    3-Methyl-2-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,10]decane-4,7-dione
    —— (3,4,5,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-6-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C38H52O18
    (3,4,5,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-6-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— Methyl 2-[14-(furan-3-yl)-2,17-dihydroxy-2,7,7,9,13-pentamethyl-6,16-dioxo-3,15-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.04,9]heptadeca-4,10-dien-8-yl]acetate —— C27H32O9
    Methyl 2-[14-(furan-3-yl)-2,17-dihydroxy-2,7,7,9,13-pentamethyl-6,16-dioxo-3,15-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,13.04,9]heptadeca-4,10-dien-8-yl]acetate
    —— 4-(5-methyl-2-furyl)pentan-4-olide —— C10H12O3
    4-(5-methyl-2-furyl)pentan-4-olide
    —— 4-Methyl-9-methylidene-14-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one —— C20H28O3
    4-Methyl-9-methylidene-14-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one
    —— 6,9a-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-2,9-dione —— C14H20O3
    6,9a-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-2,9-dione
    —— [2-methyl-5-(7-methyl-11-methylidene-3-oxo-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-4-ylidene)pent-1-en-3-yl] acetate —— C22H30O4
    [2-methyl-5-(7-methyl-11-methylidene-3-oxo-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-4-ylidene)pent-1-en-3-yl] acetate
    —— 3',12-Dihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C20H28O9
    3',12-Dihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 3-Amino-2,12,13-trihydroxy-8-methyl-10-oxa-2,4-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]trideca-3,5-dien-11-one —— C11H15N3O5
    3-Amino-2,12,13-trihydroxy-8-methyl-10-oxa-2,4-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]trideca-3,5-dien-11-one
    —— 1-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-6,7,12-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-en-11-one —— C20H26O3
    1-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-6,7,12-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-en-11-one
    —— 1,3,6,7,7,11,16,21,21-Nonamethyl-2,20-dioxapentacyclo[13.9.0.03,12.06,11.016,22]tetracosan-19-one —— C31H52O3
    1,3,6,7,7,11,16,21,21-Nonamethyl-2,20-dioxapentacyclo[13.9.0.03,12.06,11.016,22]tetracosan-19-one
    —— Achillicin 71616-00-7 C17H22O5
    Achillicin
    —— 2,7,8-Trihydroxy-6,7,13-trimethyl-4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.06,10]tetradecan-3-one —— C15H22O6
    2,7,8-Trihydroxy-6,7,13-trimethyl-4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.06,10]tetradecan-3-one
    —— 3-Dodec-11-ynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H26O3
    3-Dodec-11-ynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,6,7,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O3
    5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,6,7,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 1-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,8,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodec-11-ene-3,10-dione —— C15H20O4
    1-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,8,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodec-11-ene-3,10-dione
    —— 1,9-Dihydroxy-7-methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one —— C20H30O4
    1,9-Dihydroxy-7-methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one
    —— 4,5,6,7,8-Pentahydroxy-10-methyloxecan-2-one —— C10H18O7
    4,5,6,7,8-Pentahydroxy-10-methyloxecan-2-one
    —— 2-(1-Hydroxycyclopropyl)-4-(2-methyldec-2-enoyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-sulfonic acid —— C18H28O7S
    2-(1-Hydroxycyclopropyl)-4-(2-methyldec-2-enoyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-sulfonic acid
    —— Methyl 2-[4-[6-(furan-3-yl)-1,10-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,11,13-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.0.02,7.03,12]tetradecan-14-yl]-2,2,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate —— C29H36O10
    Methyl 2-[4-[6-(furan-3-yl)-1,10-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,11,13-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.0.02,7.03,12]tetradecan-14-yl]-2,2,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate
    —— [13-(Furan-3-yl)-6,6,10-trimethyl-7,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadecan-8-yl] 3-methylbutanoate —— C25H34O7
    [13-(Furan-3-yl)-6,6,10-trimethyl-7,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadecan-8-yl] 3-methylbutanoate