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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H15N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H18O5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H18O5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H18O5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H18O5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17ClO5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17ClO5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (1R,5'S,8S,9R,10S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (1R,5'S,8S,9R,10S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (+)-teucvisin C —— C19H20O6
    (+)-teucvisin C
    —— (1R,4R,5'R,7R,8S,9R,10R,12R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4,7-dihydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C20H26O7
    (1R,4R,5'R,7R,8S,9R,10R,12R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4,7-dihydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— (1S,5'S,8S,9R,10S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (1S,5'S,8S,9R,10S)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (1S,4R,5'R,7R,8S,9R,10R,12R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4,7-dihydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C20H26O7
    (1S,4R,5'R,7R,8S,9R,10R,12R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4,7-dihydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— (1R,4R,5'R,7R,8S,9R,10S,12R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4,7-dihydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C20H26O7
    (1R,4R,5'R,7R,8S,9R,10S,12R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-4,7-dihydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— (1R,5'S,8S,9R,10R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    (1R,5'S,8S,9R,10R)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (4R)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (4R)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C12H21N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (4S)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (4S)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile —— C10H13NO2
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile —— C10H13NO2
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C9H15N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C16H18N2O2
    (3R,5R)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C16H18N2O2
    (3R,5S)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C26H40O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H36O5
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H36O5
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-ethoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C27H42O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-ethoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C26H40O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoate —— C25H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C26H40O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-ethoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C27H42O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-ethoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-ethoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C27H42O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-ethoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoate —— C25H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (15S)-15-phenyl-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione —— C20H24O3
    (15S)-15-phenyl-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (15R)-15-phenyl-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione —— C20H24O3
    (15R)-15-phenyl-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione