内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | α-Isobutoxymethyl-γ-chlor-δ-hydroxy-γ-valerolacton | 20297-54-5 | C10H17ClO4 |
| —— | (3aR,7aS)-3a-Methyl-7-phenylselanyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 147397-85-1 | C15H18O2Se |
| —— | 9-(Cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one | 1198472-33-1 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | trans-1,2-Adiponylcyclohexan | 4118-39-2 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-((R)-1-iodo-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 104426-37-1 | C8H13IO3 |
| —— | (4S,5R,6S)-4-Hydroxy-5-iodo-6-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 104426-34-8 | C8H13IO3 |
| —— | Acetyl-11-epi-dihydropseudoivalin | 1461-42-3 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | Cycloepixanthocidin | 84415-22-5 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (8R,16R)-8,16-dimethyl-1,9-dioxacyclohexadecane-2,10-dione | 121053-54-1 | C16H28O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R,7R)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxy-7-methyl-oxepan-2-one | 191410-05-6 | C13H26O4Si |
| —— | (4R,6R,7R)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-(tert-butyl-methoxy-phenyl-silanyloxy)-7-methyl-oxepan-2-one | 202859-87-8 | C24H42O5Si2 |
| —— | 6-(3-methyl-butylsulfanyl)-2-trichloromethyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]oxazin-4-one | 40070-09-5 | C10H14Cl3NO2S |
| —— | opt.-inakt. 4-Aethoxycarbonyl-5-chlor-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-valeriansaeure-lacton | 2902-75-2 | C14H15ClO4 |
| —— | (2R,5R)-2-Ethyl-5-phenyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-one | 90581-56-9 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (R)-3-(5-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)furan-2-one | 138722-99-3 | C9H13NO2 |
| —— | 2-Hydroperoxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,6-dioxa-4-aza-spiro[4.4]non-3-en-7-one | 343945-39-1 | C8H11NO5 |
| —— | 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl)acetamide | 82010-46-6 | C9H12F3NO4 |
| —— | xestospongienes C | 1263368-12-2 | C14H20Br2O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-{(1R,4R,7S,8S)-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-nitro-3,6-dioxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl}acetate | 1312102-29-6 | C20H23NO8 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-4-Isopropyl-5-methyl-3a,6a-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione | 80927-81-7 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-5-phenyl-5(E)-3,4,8,9-tetrahydrooxonin-2-(3H)-one | 1316753-39-5 | C16H18O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-prop-2-ynoxyoxolan-2-one | 1312439-61-4 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | (Z)-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-8-(1-methylethenyl)-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one | 113831-13-3 | C16H26O2 |
| —— | 3-bromomethyl-2-carboxy-11,11-dimethyl-5-oxatricyclo<7,3,0,03,7>dodec-8-en-4-one | 61013-73-8 | C15H19BrO4 |
| —— | 3,3-undecamethyleneglutaric anhydride | 64835-82-1 | C16H26O3 |
| —— | (2aS,5aR,7aS,7bS)-7b-Methyl-2a,5a,6,7,7a,7b-hexahydro-indeno[1,7-bc]furan-2,3-dione | 89376-96-5 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethyloct-7-enoic acid δ-lactone | 82917-28-0 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | α-Hydrazono-γ-butyrolacton | 55648-15-2 | C4H6N2O2 |
| —— | 3-<α,β-Bis-hydroxymethyl-acrylyloxy>-4-<α-carboxy-vinyl>-1.2;7.8-diepoxy-5-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-7-methyl-cyclododecan-lacton-(4<sup>2</sup>->5) | 4176-92-5 | C20H26O9 |
| —— | (2-Ethoxy-4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester | 19918-68-4 | C12H20O5 |
| —— | (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-(1-ethoxyethoxy)tridecyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1011733-81-5 | C21H40O4 |
| —— | ethyl 5-iodo-2-(iodomethyl)-10-oxooxecane-5-carboxylate | 1003006-45-8 | C13H20I2O4 |
| —— | O<sup>3</sup>-Acetyl-O<sup>2</sup>,O<sup>4</sup>-benzyliden-D-ribonsaeure-δ-lacton | 20638-72-6 | C14H14O6 |
| —— | Cyclo-β-isoxanthocidin | 84415-20-3 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl {(S)-[(R)-3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl](phenyl)methyl}carbamate | 1232237-71-6 | C18H23NO5 |
| —— | (3aα,4α,6aα)dihydro-4-((E)-octen-1-yl)furo<3,4-b>furan-2,6<3H,4H>dione | 94859-64-0 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 130819-38-4 | C13H18O5 | |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-(iodomethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one | 131232-35-4 | C6H9IO2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrobenzo[de]chromen-2(3H)-one | 1294513-68-0 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-oxopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1174396-66-7 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 2,3,6-tri-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-D-galactono-1,4-lactone | 198420-74-5 | C24H52O6Si3 |
| —— | (3aα,8aα)-ethyl 2-oxooctahydro-2H-cyclohepta<b>furan-3α-carboxylate | 3724-96-7 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-((S)-2-methyl-2-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)penta-3,4-dien-1-yl)-3-(phenylselanyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1440533-44-7 | C19H26O3SeSi |
| —— | 8,8-Dimethoxy-1,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-2-oxa-6-azabicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3,5-dion | 112423-06-0 | C16H19NO5 |
| —— | (S,Z)-5-(2-iodovinyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1607478-73-8 | C6H7IO2 |
| —— | methyl (2R,3S)-2-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1199942-04-5 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-5-[(R)-1-Azido-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3,4-bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 200809-88-7 | C24H51N3O5Si3 |
| —— | nodulisporacid A | 1093379-57-7 | C16H20O6 |
| —— | 3,3-(4',4'-Dimethylpentamethylen)glutaranhydrid | 51111-30-9 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | (S)-6-hydroxy-4-(mesyloxy)-3,3,6-trimethylheptanoic acid ε-lactone | 95574-45-1 | C11H20O5S |
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